The rules for the production of piping and furnace works have been approved by a letter from the Department of State Supervision of the Emergency Situations Ministry of Russia. Smoke and ventilation ducts

Safe operation of household gas appliances and heating devices can be ensured with proper removal of combustion products and constant air exchange in the rooms where gas appliances are installed.

Removal of combustion products from water heaters, heating boilers and furnaces, and air exchange in the rooms are carried out through chimneys and ventilation ducts due to natural draft generated by the difference in temperature between the outside (cold) and heated room air. With an increase in the height of the chimney or ventilation duct and the temperature difference between the outside and exhaust air, the vacuum in the duct increases. Therefore, a large thrust is observed in the channels of the first floor and in the winter period.

During the operation of water heaters, the temperature of combustion products before the gas exhaust device is 180-200 ° C. In the initial period, as well as with significant air inflow through the gas exhaust device, the temperature of the combustion products may be lower than these values. In the ventilation ducts, where the temperature of the exhaust air is 20-25 ° C, the thrust is very small. In summer periods, when the air temperature in the channel is lower than the outdoor temperature, reverse thrust (tilting) can occur when air flows from the channel into the room.

Fig. 1. Scheme of the location of the wind backwater zone: I - the chimney is located in the zone of the wind backwater; II - chimney is located outside the zone of the wind backwater

When moving the combustion products (air) through the channel, part of the flow energy (pressure) is expended to overcome the friction resistance of the flow on the surface of the channel walls, local resistance (turns, narrowing of the channel, etc.), the creation of output speed, the magnitude of the friction loss depends on the length of the channel, the material of its walls and their condition. With large roughness and contamination of the surface of the inner walls of the channel, its resistance is greater, therefore the smooth surface of the inner walls of the channel and its timely cleaning improve traction.

Worsened thrust in the channels with an increased cross-sectional area, since a large cooling surface causes a decrease in the temperature of combustion products. The weakening of the thrust occurs when significant air leaks through leaks in the channel and connecting pipes, as well as from adjacent channels, the isolation of which is broken. Air leaks leads to an increase in the volume of gases passing through the channel, and reduce their temperature. For these reasons, do not leave the door clean during the operation of devices.

The magnitude of the vacuum (thrust) in the smoke channels when operating water heaters and heating furnaces is usually 10-15 Pa, and in the ventilation channels - an order of magnitude less. Traction changes significantly when opening the vents, transom. The work of the smoke and ventilation ducts, and, consequently, the air exchange in the room is influenced by the wind, as well as the location of the house relative to neighboring buildings and structures. The chimney must not be allowed to be in the area of ​​the wind back. The wind back zone is the zone located below the line drawn from the highest point of the building next to the chimney; buildings or a tree at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon (Fig. 1).

In order to prevent the temperature of combustion products from falling at the exit from the chimney, condensation of moisture from the exhaust gases and freezing of chimneys, they should be provided in the internal walls. Allowed to place smoke channels in the outer walls of. non-combustible materials when they are warmed from the outside. Chimneys should be vertical without ledges (horizontal sections) of clay brick with walls at least 120 mm thick or of heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm thick.

Fig. 2. The correct location of the chimney cap on the roof relative to the ridge

In their bases should provide pockets with a depth of 250 mm and holes with doors for cleaning, obkladyvayutsya put on the edge of a brick.
  For the manufacture of chimneys it is not allowed to use thermally fragile or coarse-grained materials (slag concrete), as well as silicate brick, which has sufficient heat resistance, but is quickly destroyed in the presence of moisture and carbon dioxide dissolved in it. If necessary, the use of such materials inside the channels make facing of red brick with a thickness of 130 mm.

Allowed the deviation of the chimney from the vertical at an angle of 30 ° to it when the magnitude of the displacement in the direction of 1 m. The inclined sections must be smooth, constant cross-section, with an area not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​vertical sections.

The height of the chimneys from gas water heaters and gas-fired furnaces must be at least 0.5 m above the flat roof; not less than 0.5 m above the ridge of the roof when the pipe is located at a distance of 1.5 m from the ridge; not below the ridge of the roof when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge; not below the line drawn from the ridge down at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon, with the chimney off the ridge at a distance of more than 3 m (Fig. 2).

The height of the exhaust ventilation ducts located near the chimneys must be equal to the height of these pipes. The mouths (tips) of brick chimneys to a height of 0.2 m must be protected from precipitation by plaster with cement mortar. The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on chimneys is not allowed.

Structures made of combustible or slow-burning materials adjacent to furnaces and chimneys, as well as to ventilation ducts located near chimneys should be protected from fire by partitions of non-combustible materials that meet fire-fighting requirements.

In houses under construction, removal of combustion products from each apparatus or furnace should be carried out along a separate chimney. In existing homes, no more than two water heaters or heating furnaces located on the same or different floors are allowed to be connected to the same chimney, provided the combustion products are introduced into the chimney at different levels (at least 50 cm apart) or under the condition of the device in the chimney at a height of 50 cm rassechek 120 mm thick. In some cases, in the absence of chimneys in existing homes, the installation of side chimneys is permitted, the need for thermal insulation which is decided at the design stage.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney should not be less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas fitting of the gas appliance or the furnace to be connected to the flue. When two devices or furnaces are connected to the chimney, the sectional area of ​​the chimney is determined taking into account their simultaneous operation.

Gas appliances attached to the chimney with metal pipes. The length of the vertical section of the connecting pipe, counting from the bottom of the gas exhaust pipe to the axis of the horizontal pipe section, must be at least 0.5 m. In rooms up to 2.7 m high for devices with draft stabilizers, the length of the vertical section may be reduced to 0.25 m, without a stabilizer thrust - up to 0D5 m. The total length of the horizontal sections of the connecting pipe in houses under construction should be no more than 3 m, in existing - no more than 6 m.

The slope of the pipe in the direction of the gas device must be at least 0.01. Suspension and fastening of connecting pipes should exclude the possibility of their deflection. The links of the connecting pipes must tightly, without gaps, move one into the other along the products of combustion by at least 0.5 of the pipe diameter.

The connecting pipe must be tightly connected to the smoke pipe. Its end should not protrude beyond the wall of the channel, for which purpose they use a limiting device (a washer or a corrugation).

The connecting pipes made of ordinary steel sheet should be coated with fire resistant varnish.

They join the chimney so that in it below the pipe inlet there remains a “pocket” with a depth of at least 250 mm having a hatch for cleaning.
  Chimneys from appliances that do not have anti-thrust stabilizers should be equipped with gates (dampers) with openings with a diameter of at least 15 mm; in the presence of thrust stabilizers, installation of gates is not allowed. Through the holes in the gates, the fireboxes of the inoperative furnaces are ventilated. Shiberah should be located on the same wall of the furnace, where the furnace.

To determine the possibility of joining gas appliances to chimneys or when switching furnaces to gas fuel, chimneys are checked for compliance of their device and the materials used with the requirements of regulatory documents; the presence of normal traction and the absence of clogging; density and isolation (the chimney is considered dense if the smoke from it does not penetrate into the room or ventilation ducts); the presence and serviceability of partitions protecting flammable and non-combustible structures; serviceability and correctness of the location of the tip relative to the roof, nearby structures and trees.

The absence of clogging of chimneys is checked by lowering the special ball-shaped cargo weighing up to 3 kg and with a diameter of 80-100 mm by lowering over its entire depth (from the tip to the cleaning pocket). The density and isolation of the channels is checked by smoke. To do this, insert a lit rag soaked in oil products or other highly smoking material into the cleaning door. The outlet of the channel in the tip is tightly covered with a sheet of plywood or iron. The appearance of smoke in adjacent channels to be monitored or in rooms adjacent to the wall where the canal is located indicates that the channel is not isolated or loose. The density and cleanliness of small channels can be checked by lowering the included portable electric lamp with a capacity of up to 500 watts. At the same time, the scanned channel and its adjacent channels are viewed, in which there should be no light beam.

Smoke and ventilation ducts

Varieties of chimneys and ducts. Chimneys are made of ordinary clay bricks (solid), asbestos-cement or pottery pipes, as well as blocks of refractory concrete. Pottery or asbestos-cement pipes with a smooth surface of the inner walls are used to remove the products of combustion of fuel, which significantly reduces the resistance to movement of flue gases and maintains the density of the outer walls for a longer time compared to brick ones.

Mounted chimneys are supported on stoves or fireplaces with a wall thickness of at least 0.5 bricks. Heavy mounted pipes are installed on a reinforced concrete slab mounted on the furnace ceiling. It is most efficient to arrange asbestos-cement mounted pipes: they are lighter than brick ones and there is no need to disassemble these pipes when overhauling furnaces, they can be firmly fixed in the attic of a building.

In single-storey buildings, brick and asbestos-cement chimneys, attached to the inner or outer walls of the building, are used for removal of products of combustion of fuel and air exchange of premises.

Internal and external brick chimneys are installed on separate foundations. The depth of the foundation should be not less than the depth of soil freezing. In the places of conjugation of the existing building wall and brick chimney, a layer of asbestos is laid to create a sedimentary joint. Attached asbestos-cement external and internal chimneys are attached to the walls of the building by fastening drainpipes or supported on a console.

In the construction of low-rise buildings widely used prefabricated chimneys, which are installed in the form of individual risers or embedded in the wall of the building. Blocks of such pipes are made of refractory concrete.

In places where the chimney is brought out through the roof, an air gap not less than 130 mm wide is left. Pairing the chimney cover with the existing roof of the building is carried out with the help of special aprons from galvanized steel.

When constructing channels in external walls, it should be noted that in order to avoid overcooling of flue gases and condensation on the internal walls of the channels, which leads to saturation of the masonry with moisture and weakening of thrust, the distance from the internal surface of the channels to the external surface of the walls should be 1.5 bricks ambient temperature - 20 ° C and above, 2 bricks from -20 to -30 ° C and 2.5 bricks - at a temperature below -30 ° C.

The construction of channels from a slotted, hole or silicate brick, as well as from slag concrete and other thermally fragile or coarse-grained materials is strictly prohibited. If the laying of the walls of the building is made of cinder blocks, perforated, slotted or silicate bricks, the sections of the walls with channels are laid out of ordinary clay bricks. It is especially effective to fill smoke channels with asbestos-cement pipes, which have an increased density.

Basic requirements for pipes and channels. Chimneys and channels spread without leads and ledges. Their inner surface should be flat and smooth. Such a surface is obtained by careful laying with the use of wooden or metal buoys and the subsequent mopping of the walls with a damp rag.

The density and isolation of the smoke channel is determined by smoke. To do this, in its lower part (cleaning) burn resinous substance (tar, roofing felt, rags dipped in fuel oil). When smoke appears above the mouth of the chimney, the channel is tightly closed with a bag of sand or a piece of plywood. The appearance of smoke in adjacent canals or in rooms adjacent to the tested channel indicates its leakiness. A channel is considered isolated if the smoke from it through the connection of the furnaces does not get into the adjacent or upstream rooms.

The most important requirement for the installation of smoke channels is to respect their density.

In the event of clogging in one of the channels located in the stack of chimney, the exhaust gases through leaks can penetrate into the adjacent ventilation ducts or into the rooms of other floors and cause poisoning by combustion products. When the density in the joints of asbestos-cement or pottery pipes and in brickwork is disturbed, cold air is sucked into the smoke duct from the ventilation ducts or from adjacent, currently not working chimneys. This leads to a sharp drop in flue gas temperature and, consequently, to a decrease in vacuum.

The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney must correspond to the cross-sectional area of ​​the furnace outlet. The minimum size of the cross-section of a pipe made in brickwork is 140X140 mm (0.5x0.5 bricks), a round pipe is 150 mm.

For the laying of chimneys, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts in the walls of buildings, lime-sand or lime-cement mortar is used. Chimney caps (above the roof) spread on cement mortar. The outer surfaces of chimneys in the attic are rubbed or plastered and then whitened. The thickness of the seams of masonry on the texture of the sand-sand or a complex solution is not more than 10 mm.

Connect two devices to the same smoke channel. When using a chimney to remove the products of combustion of fuel from two or more devices, the air exchange of rooms is carried out through the smoke and ventilation ducts formed by the separation of the cross-section of the chimney by partitions. The thickness of the walls between the flue and ventilation ducts in the chimney is not less than 0.5 bricks. This separation of the chimney into separate smoke and ventilation ducts allows them to be used as separate chimneys.

According to the requirements of the Gas Safety Regulations, the products of combustion of fuel must be discharged from each furnace or other heat generator through a separate smoke channel. As an exception, in old buildings it is allowed to operate two furnace devices connected to one smoke channel, when exhausting combustion products at the same or different levels. In the case of removal of combustion products from two devices at the same level in the flue duct perform cutting. When connecting two gasified furnaces in one channel, its height is at least 0.5, and when two furnaces operating on solid fuel are connected, at least 0.75 m.

If the combustion products from two gasified furnaces need to be diverted at different levels, then the distance between connections should be at least 0.5 m. When two solid fuel furnaces are connected at different levels, the distance between connections should be at least 0.75 m

It is not recommended to use the connection of two furnace devices to a common smoke channel at different levels, since, if they operate simultaneously, the lower furnace, in which the thrust is stronger, will prevent the occurrence of a normal vacuum in the upper furnace. Therefore, a significant weakening of the thrust can be observed in the upper furnace, which usually leads to the smoke of this furnace. To avoid smoke, it is recommended to heat the stove at different times of the day.

Pocket cleaning device. In the chimney walls, below the point of joining of the chimney made of steel roofing or below the furnace connection, they arrange a cleaning pocket with a depth of at least 0.25 m. Leaves for asbestos cement pipes are provided for cleaning. In the lower part of each chimney, where the accumulation of soot and ash ash is possible, there are sunshades, closed with cleaned doors or tin cleaners, with bricks being sealed to the edges. Brick is laid only on clay solution.

The device pocket provides a more secure operation of the smoke channels: in the case of falling out of the internal partition, the brick, as a rule, falls into the lower part of the channel and does not close the inlet (connection). The garbage formed as a result of brick decomposition and chipping of the mortar is also collected in a pocket. Without a pocket, garbage will clog the place where the appliance is connected to the smoke channel or significantly reduce its cross-section, which will result in the termination of thrust and the accumulation of combustion products in the room.

Most of the accidents with the use of furnaces are caused by blockage of chimneys. Therefore, the device pocket should be mandatory for all channels intended for removal of combustion products.

Requirements for ventilation ducts. Ventilation channels are located in rooms where heating devices are installed. In older homes, chimneys of inactive stoves and stoves are usually used as ventilation ducts. If the location of the channel does not coincide with the installation site of the heating device, for example, in an adjacent non-residential room, the hood is made with roofing steel ducts. In this case, the ventilation grille is fixed in the pipe from the side of the ventilated room, the other end of the pipe at the point of entry into the channel is sealed tightly.

When using old channels that were previously used to remove combustion products from solid fuel-fired furnaces, it is taken into account that the operation of the flue or ventilation channel from gas-fired furnaces has its own characteristics and differs from the operation of the flue channel, which removes the products of solid fuel combustion. Often in the channels that worked well from heating stoves or kitchen centers, insufficient vacuum is created when using them under flue (from gasified stoves) or ventilation ducts, since the vacuum created in the smoke channel during the combustion of solid fuel is much higher than the vacuum in the same channel in the combustion of gaseous fuel. In addition, the long duration of the stoking of solid fuel stoves ensures good heating of the smoke channel, with the result that residual heat remains in it for a long time.

The bottom of the inlet of the ventilation duct should be at a distance of not more than 0.5 from the ceiling and not less than 1.8 m from the floor in rooms 2.7 m high.

In the lower floors of multi-storey buildings, the grilles of the ventilation ducts are positioned as high as possible, and in the upper floors they are arranged at the usual height (0.3 ... 0.5 m from the ceiling). The ventilation ducts, located next to the flue, lead out above the roof at the same level as the flue. The cross-sectional dimension of the ventilation ducts made in brickwork should be at least 140x140 mm (0.5x0.5 bricks), and the diameter of the circular ducts should be at least 150 mm.

The ventilation duct should provide a three-time air exchange of the room within an hour.

In the kitchen areas where gasified stoves are installed and there is a ventilation duct, it is not allowed to arrange mechanical ventilation in addition. When the fan is working in the room, a high vacuum is created, and in the smoke channels, where the furnace devices are connected, a reverse thrust is formed. This can lead to poisoning by combustion products.

It is forbidden to arrange mechanical ventilation through non-segregated ventilation ducts, since when the fan is running, a reverse thrust is formed in the upstream or downstream ventilation ducts.

If there is a weak or unstable draft in the flue duct, a normal ventilation duct can create a sufficiently strong vacuum in the room and overturn the draft. Reverse traction in the flue duct may also occur in the case where the room where the furnace device is installed does not have a constant flow of air.

Characteristic signs of poor performance of ventilation ducts are the absence of deposits and build-up of dust on the ventilation grille, bloated ceilings and walls in the room, the presence of condensate or wet spots on the walls and ceilings in the utility rooms, a feeling of persistent odors.

The company "Bezdyma" provides services for the design and installation of chimneys and ventilation ducts in buildings of various architectures.

Chimney installation

Our specialists perform the following work:

• calculation of smoke removal systems;
• design and assembly of brick chimneys;
• repair of brick chimneys;
• installation of single and double metal chimneys;
• installation of ceramic chimneys;
• calculation and installation of ventilation channels.

Advantages of cooperation with the company "Smoke Free"

Extensive experience

Our specialists have been providing chimney and ventilation installation services for many years. Extensive experience allows us to create effective, safe and inexpensive solutions.

Qualified specialists

We take the selection of personnel very seriously and invite only the best engineers and installers to work.

Professional tool

The use of a powerful professional tool allows you to perform all technological operations quickly and with high accuracy. This provides high quality installation of chimneys and ventilation ducts with minimal labor costs.

Warranty

All systems installed by our specialists are guaranteed for 1 year.

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We do not claim that our prices are the lowest, but many customers come to us again. This is the best confirmation that our prices for chimney installation and ventilation correspond to the quality and level of service.

For more information about our services, please call 8 (495) 972 - 58 - 42

D.1. This annex provides recommended guidelines for the design of flue and ventilation ducts for gas-powered equipment, domestic heating, and heating and cooking stoves.
  In the design of smoke channels from gas-powered installations of industrial buildings and boiler rooms, one should be guided by the requirements of SNiP II-35.
  When converting existing boilers, production furnaces and other installations from solid and liquid to gas fuel, a calibration calculation of the gas-air duct should be performed.
  D.2 Device flue and ventilation ducts must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05. D.3 Smoke ducts from gas-using equipment installed in catering, trade, consumer services, offices, built-in residential buildings, are prohibited to be combined with the smoke ducts of a residential building. Ventilation of the above premises should also be autonomous.
  D.4 Removal of the combustion products from gas-powered equipment installed in the premises of offices located in the dimensions of one apartment, as well as ventilation of these premises should be provided for residential buildings.
  D.5 Removal of combustion products from household stoves and gas-using equipment, the design of which provides for the discharge of combustion products into the smoke channel (chimney) (hereinafter - the channel), is provided from each furnace or equipment along a separate channel to the atmosphere.
  In existing buildings it is allowed to provide for the connection to one channel of no more than two furnaces, appliances, boilers, apparatuses, etc., located on the same or different floors of the building, subject to the input of combustion products into the channel at different levels (no closer than 0.75 m one from the other) or on the same level with the device in the channel of dissections to a height of at least 0.75 m.
In residential buildings, it is allowed to connect more than one gas-using heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber and an integrated device for the forced removal of flue gases to a single vertical smoke channel. This equipment is located on different floors of the building. The number of equipment connected to one channel is determined by calculation.
  It is not recommended to connect household equipment to the channel of a long-burning heating furnace.
  D.6 Channels from the gas equipment should be placed in the inner walls of the building or side channels should be provided to these walls. In existing buildings, it is allowed to use existing smoke channels from fireproof materials in external walls or to provide them with added channels.
  D.7 It is allowed to connect gas-using equipment of periodic operation (instantaneous water heater, etc.) to the channel of the heating furnace with periodic heating, provided they are working at different times and sufficiently sectioned to allow the combustion products to be removed from the equipment being connected. The connection of the connecting pipe of gas-using equipment to the turn of the chimney of a heating furnace is not allowed.
  D.8 The channel cross-sectional area should not be less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle of the attached gas-using equipment or furnace. At connection to the channel of two devices, devices, coppers, furnaces, etc. cross section should be determined taking into account their simultaneous work. The constructive dimensions of the channels are determined by calculation.
  D.9. Combustion of combustion products from restaurant plates, food kettles, etc. it is allowed to provide both in the isolated channel from each equipment, and in the general channel. Removal of combustion products from gas-powered equipment installed in close proximity to each other is allowed to be produced under one umbrella and further into the collecting channel.
  It is allowed to provide connecting pipes common to several devices (equipment).
  The cross-sections of the channels and connecting pipes should be determined by calculation based on the conditions of simultaneous operation of all equipment connected to the channel and connecting pipes.
  D.10 Smoke ducts should be made of ordinary ceramic bricks, clay bricks, heat-resistant concrete, as well as steel and asbestos-cement pipes for one-story buildings. The outer part of the brick channels should be made of brick, the degree of frost resistance of which meets the requirements of SNiP II-22.
Smoke ducts can also be factory-made and supplied with gas equipment.
  When installing asbestos-cement and steel pipes outside the building or when passing them through the attic of the building, they must be insulated to prevent condensation. The design of the flue channels in the outer walls and the channels attached to these walls should also ensure the temperature of the gases at the exit from them above the dew point.
  It is not allowed to carry out channels from slag concrete and other loose or porous materials.
  G.11. Channels must be vertical, without ledges. Channel slope from vertical up to 30 ° is allowed with a deviation of up to 1 m, provided that the cross-sectional area of ​​the inclined sections of the channel is not less than the cross section of vertical sections. For removal of combustion products from restaurant stoves, food kettles and similar gas appliances, horizontal sections of channels with a total length of no more than 10 m can be provided provided with fire conditioners for combustible and non-combustible floor and floor structures. Channels must be accessible for cleaning.
  G.12. The connection of gas-using equipment to the channels should be provided with connecting pipes made of roofing or galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1.0 mm, flexible metal corrugated nozzles or standardized elements supplied with the equipment. The total length of the horizontal sections of the connecting pipe in new buildings should be no more than 3 m, in existing buildings - no more than 6 m.
  The slope of the connecting pipe should be taken not less than 0.01 in the direction of gas equipment. On connecting pipes it is allowed to provide no more than three turns with a radius of curvature not less than the diameter of the pipe. Below the point of attachment of the connecting pipe to the channels, a “pocket” device with a cleaning hatch should be provided, which should be freely accessible. Connecting pipes laid through unheated rooms, if necessary, must be insulated.
  D.13. The laying of connecting pipes from gas-powered equipment through living rooms is not allowed.
D.14 The distance from the connecting pipe to the ceiling or wall of non-combustible materials should be at least 5 cm, and of combustible and slow-burning materials - not less than 25 cm. It is allowed to decrease the distance from 25 to 10 cm under the condition of protection of combustible and slow-burning structures by roofing steel on asbestos sheets with a thickness of at least 3 mm. Thermal insulation should stand for the dimensions of the connecting pipe 15 cm on each side.
  D.15 When connecting to the channel of a single gas-powered device (equipment), as well as equipment with draft stabilizers, gates on the connecting pipes are not provided. When connecting to the collecting chimney of gas-powered equipment that does not have anti-thrust stabilizers, gates with an opening of at least 15 mm in diameter must be provided on the connecting pipes from the equipment.
  D.16 When installing a gas-burning device of periodic action in a heating furnace, a gate shall be provided in the furnace design. Installing gates in a continuous furnace is prohibited. The heating and cooking stove, when converted to gas fuel, should have three gates (one for summer running, the other for winter, and the third for ventilation).
  D.17. Smoke ducts from gas-using equipment in buildings should be removed (Figure D.1):

• not less than 0.5 m above the ridge or parapet of the roof at their location (counting horizontally) not further than 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet of the roof;
• to the level with a ridge or parapet of the roof, if they are located at a distance of up to 3 m from the ridge of the roof or parapet;
• not lower than the straight line drawn from the ridge or parapet downwards at an angle of 10 ° to the horizon, with the pipes located more than 3 m from the ridge or the parapet of the roof;
• not less than 0.5 m above the boundary of the wind backwater zone, if there are higher parts of the building, buildings or trees near the canal. In all cases, the height of the pipe above the adjacent part of the roof should be at least 0.5 m, and for houses with a combined roof (flat) - at least 2.0 m. The mouths of brick channels to a height of 0.2 m should be protected from precipitation by a layer cement mortar or cap of roofing or galvanized steel. It is allowed to provide wind-proof devices on the channels.

D.18 Smoke ducts in the walls may be performed in conjunction with the ventilation ducts. At the same time, they should be separated along the entire height by sealed partitions made of wall material with a thickness of at least 120 mm. The height of exhaust ventilation channels located next to the smoke channels should be taken equal to the height of the smoke channels.
  D.19. Combustion of combustion products into the ventilation ducts and installation of ventilation grids on the smoke ducts is not allowed.
  D.20 Discharge of combustion products into the atmosphere through the outer wall of the gasified room without the installation of a vertical channel from the gas heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber and a device for the forced removal of combustion products.
  D.21 The holes of the flue channels on the facade of a dwelling house when exhausting combustion products from the heating gas-using equipment through the outer wall without a vertical channel should be placed in accordance with the installation instructions of the gas-powered equipment of the manufacturer, but not less:

• 2.0 m from ground level;
• 0.5 m horizontally to windows, doors and open vents (grilles);
• 0.5 m above the top of windows, doors and ventilation grilles;
• 1.0 m vertical to the window when placing holes under them.

The specified distances do not apply to window openings filled with glass blocks. It is not allowed to place the openings of the channels on the facade of buildings under the ventilation grille. The shortest distance between the two canal openings on the facade of the building should be taken at least 1.0 m horizontally and 2.0 m vertically. When placing the smoke channel under a canopy, balconies and eaves of the roof of buildings, the channel must extend beyond the circumference described by radius R (Figure D.2). It is not recommended to provide for the exit of the smoke channel through the outer wall to the driveways (arches), tunnels, underground passages, etc.

D.22 The length of the horizontal section of the flue channel from the gas heating equipment with a sealed combustion chamber when exiting through the outer wall should be taken no more than 3 m.
  D.23 Gas-using equipment with a thermal capacity of up to 10 kW with the exhaust of combustion products into the gas supply room is placed in such a way as to ensure the free flow of combustion products through exhaust ventilation devices (duct, axial fan) of this room.
D.24 In residential buildings, ventilation ducts from rooms in which gas heating equipment is installed for apartment heating are not allowed to be combined with ventilation ducts of other rooms (lavatories, storerooms, garages, etc.).
  D.25 Existing smoke channels can be used as ventilation ducts that are not connected with other existing smoke channels. Lattices with devices for controlling the flow of air, which exclude the possibility of their complete closure, provide for exhaust ventilation channels of gasified rooms.

^ CHAPTER 6. CHIMNEY PIPES (CHANNELS)
6.1. General requirements
6.1.1. When designing and laying (mounting) chimneys (ducts) from heat generators and solid fuel stoves, it is necessary to provide solutions outlined in SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", and from gas-powered equipment and household stoves - SP 42 -101-2003 "General Provisions for the Design and Construction of Gas Distribution Systems of Metal and Polyethylene Pipes" (Appendix 7) and SP 41-108-2004 "Apartment heating supply of residential buildings with gas-fired heat generators", as well as these rules.

6.1.2. Chimneys (ducts) must ensure complete removal of combustion products into the atmosphere.

To remove combustion products from stoves, fireplaces and heat generators, pipes made of clay (ceramic) brick with walls at least 120 mm thick or heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm thick should be provided.

The use of chimneys is allowed:

ceramic from prefabricated products - to remove flue gases with temperatures up to 1000 ° С;

double-circuit of various grades of steel with thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials - to remove flue gases with a temperature of 500-900 ° C;

asbestos-cement - to remove flue gases with temperatures up to 300 ° C.

The use of asbestos-cement pipes and stainless steel pipes for coal-fired furnaces is not allowed.

The use of smoke ducts made of steel, ceramics and other materials is allowed only if there are certificates of fire safety or the conclusion of a specialized organization.

6.1.3. Chimneys should be made smooth and gas-tight class P of structures and materials that can withstand mechanical stress, temperature and corrosive effects of combustion products without loss of tightness and strength.

6.1.4. Chimneys should have a device that provides cleaning the inner surface of soot and other sediments along the entire height.

6.1.5. Chimneys must be arranged vertically without ledges and reducing the cross section. Deviation of pipes at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical with a horizontal deviation of no more than 1 m is allowed. It is forbidden to run chimneys through the living quarters.

6.1.6. The cross section of chimneys for solid fuel stoves should be taken depending on the heat capacity of the furnace, not less:

140x140 mm - with heat output up to 3.5 kW;

140x200 mm - with heat output from 3.5 to 5.2 kW;

140x270 mm - with heat output from 5.2 to 7 kW.

The cross section of chimneys of heat generators and fireplace inserts is made taking into account the requirements of factory instructions and there should not be less than cross sections of chimneys.

The cross-sectional area of ​​circular pipes must be at least the cross-sectional area of ​​rectangular channels.

6.1.7. Smoke ducts in internal or external walls may be made together with ventilation ducts. At the same time, they must be separated along the entire height by sealed ceramic bricks of at least 120 mm thickness.

6.1.8. The height of the smoke channels (pipes) of furnaces and heat generators on solid fuel, counting from the grate to the mouth, should be taken at least 5 m.

Placement of smoke channels (pipes) over the roof of buildings should be carried out taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91 * and SP 41-108-2004.

6.1.9. For each furnace, each heat generator and fireplace, as a rule, it is necessary to provide a separate chimney. It is allowed to connect two furnaces located in the same apartment on the same floor to one pipe. When connecting two chimneys in the pipe, a cut should be provided with a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the chimney.

In residential buildings, a collective flue duct with the connection of gas-fired heat generators is allowed, taking into account the requirements of SP 41-108-2004 and SP 42-101-2003.

6.1.10. The connection of heat generators to the chimneys is carried out by chimneys no more than 0.4 m long, made of roofing steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm, or by standardized elements supplied complete with heat generators.

It is allowed to use flexible metal hoses as chimneys, consisting of two layers of stainless steel, for which there is a conclusion (technical certificate) about the possibility of their use for removal of combustion products.

6.1.11. On chimneys of furnaces operating on solid fuel, valves should be provided with a hole in them of dimensions not less than 15x15 mm.

6.1.12. Chimneys for wood-burning and peat stoves in buildings with roofs of combustible materials should be provided with metal mesh spark archers with holes no larger than 5x5 mm.

6.1.13. The mouths of chimneys should be protected from atmospheric precipitation with umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles that should not impede the free flow of smoke into the atmosphere. The distance from the plane of the tip of the pipe to the lower horizontal face of the umbrella is assumed to be half the diameter of the pipe, and the diameter of the umbrella is equal to two diameters of the pipe.

6.1.14. When laying (mounting) smoke ducts (pipes), solutions should be provided to ensure their full height clearance.
^ 6.2. Brick smoke channels
6.2.1. When designing and laying brick smoke ducts, solutions should be provided that are listed in the album of typical building structures of the series 5.905-27.01 “Smoke and ventilation ducts of gasified rooms”. Release 1.

Smoke and ventilation ducts, as a rule, should be provided in the inner walls of brick buildings (Fig. 6.1). For areas with a design ambient temperature below -40 ° C, the installation of channels should be provided only in internal walls.

To remove the products of combustion, smoke channels attached to the inner wall can be used (Fig. 6.2).

It is allowed to place smoke channels in external walls made of non-combustible materials (fig. 6.3) or to provide smoke channels attached to the external wall (fig. 6.4). The thickness of the walls from the channels to the outer surfaces of the wall is taken based on the calculated outside temperature.

When placing smoke channels outside buildings, the thickness of walls made of bricks should be at least 380 mm with an estimated outdoor air temperature of -20 ° C, 510 mm at temperatures from -20 to -30 ° C and 650 mm at temperatures from -30 to -40 ° C.

In the absence of walls in which smoke channels can be placed, mounted or root pipes should be used.

Fig. 6.1. Placement of channels in the inner wall:

1 - smoke channel; 2 - ventilation duct.



Fig. 6.2. Attached channels to the internal brick wall:

1 - ventilation duct; 2 - anchor rod at 1 m height through 6 rows of masonry;

3 - smoke channel.



Fig. 6.3. Placement of channels in the outer brick wall:

1 - outer surface; 2 - smoke channel; 3 - ventilation duct.



Fig. 6.4. Attached channels to the outer brick wall:

1 - outer surface; 2 - smoke channel; 3 - anchor rod at 1 m height through 6 rows of masonry; 4 - ventilation duct.
6.2.2. For laying the foundation for the root pipes, the same materials are used as for the foundation of buildings (stone, concrete, etc.).

For channel laying, it is necessary to use high-quality full-bodied ceramic (red) brick, normal firing without cracks and impurities of the brand not lower than M100.

It is prohibited to use burned or unburned, hollow, lightweight, and silicate bricks for masonry of smoke channels.

When laying brick smoke channels, the following solutions should be used:

lime or lime-cement - for laying in the walls of buildings;

lime-cement - for laying above the attic floor;

cement - for laying above the roof.

6.2.3. Smoke ducts should be laid according to the order given in the working drawings.

The top of the brick flue top should be protected from precipitation with a layer of cement mortar (Fig. 6.5) or with a roofing steel cap.



Fig. 6.5. Device tip:

1 - cement-sand mortar composition of 1: 2.
The free space between the smoke channel and the roof structures should be covered with an apron made of roofing steel, laid under the otter.

6.2.4. The internal surfaces of brick smoke channels must be thoroughly cleaned from excess solution by wet mop. Plastering of internal surfaces is not allowed.

6.2.5. Within the attic, the external surfaces of the smoke channels should be plastered and whitened.

6.2.6. To ensure the density and smoothness of the inner walls of existing or erected smoke brick ducts, flexible or rigid metal pipes, ceramic pipes or pipes made of other non-combustible materials are allowed to be installed in them. The choice of material for pipes is carried out taking into account the permissible temperature and composition of the combustion products to be removed.

Installation of pipes in smoke brick channels should be carried out taking into account the requirements of instructions of manufacturers.
^ 6.3. Metal chimneys
6.3.1. For removal of combustion products from heat-generating installations it is allowed to use metal chimneys made of prefabricated elements and chimneys having a fire safety certificate.

Marks of steels for chimneys are given in Appendix. 12.

6.3.2. Double-circuit steel pipes (TU 4863-001-45905715-2003) are intended for removal of combustion products from stoves, fireplaces and other heat generators operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Prefabricated elements of the smoke removal system consist of 1 mm thick inner welded stainless steel pipe, certified to a working temperature of 900 ° C, and a larger diameter outer pipe made of 0.5 mm thick galvanized, stainless or polished stainless steel. The inner layer should be made of non-combustible material based on basalt rocks with a thickness of 30 mm.

Installation of chimneys is carried out from sections of air ducts 500 and 1000 mm long and elements (tees, outlets, adapters, umbrellas, etc.).

Characteristics of straight sections of the double-circuit pipe are given in Appendix. 13.

Installation of pipes is carried out from the heat generator from the bottom up. When installing the system, the pipes are pushed onto each other to a depth of at least half the diameter of the pipes. The joints of pipes, as well as pipes of prefabricated and elements of the system should be fastened with clamps.

To clean the pipes from soot it is necessary to provide in the base removable glasses or openings that are closed by doors.

At the intersection of floors and roofing, fire breaks should be provided.

At the intersection of the chimney ceilings of the building is not allowed the location of the pipe joints. Flue pipes should be fastened with wall brackets every two meters and support brackets for fastening tees to the wall.

When using single-circuit metal pipes, it is necessary to provide heat insulation to protect against condensation.

6.3.3. The use of metal chimneys and prefabricated elements, as well as metal chimneys supplied by foreign companies is allowed for removal of combustion products.

Characteristics of single and double flue pipes with fire safety certificates are given in ADJ. 14 and 15.

The installation of chimney elements must be carried out taking into account the requirements of instructions of manufacturers.

6.3.4. Chimneys should, as a rule, be placed against internal walls and partitions of non-combustible materials. In the absence of walls and partitions, which can accommodate pipes, mounted mounted chimneys should be used.

When laying metal pipes in brick channels (fig. 6.6) it is necessary:

Fig. 6.6. Laying a pipe in a brick channel:

1 - an umbrella; 2 - roof slab; 3 - metal pipe; 4 - mounting hooks; 5 - tee;

6 - door; 7 - cleaning hatch with condensate drainage; 8 - heat generator.
disassemble the brick wall of the channel in the place of installation of the heat generator in the area of ​​length required to accommodate the elements for collecting condensate, cleaning hatch and chimney;

install the specified elements in the brick channel;

attach to the straight section of the pipe with mounting hooks, ropes of appropriate length and strength;

place the inserted pipe in a brick channel at a height that allows you to insert another pipe into it;

changing the height of the pipes by lowering the rope, install the required number of pipes;

fill the space between the walls of the brick channel and pipes with non-combustible heat-insulating material;

install the slab on the brick channel tip and an umbrella on the pipe to protect it from precipitation;

lay the opening in the wall of the smoke channel brick.
^ 6.4. Ceramic chimneys
6.4.1. Ceramic chimneys are designed to remove flue gases with a temperature of up to 1000 ° C from any heat-generating plants operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

The pipes have a Russian fire safety certificate, a GOST R certificate of conformity and a RF hygienic certificate.

6.4.2. Chimneys are mounted from commercially available modules with a height of 0.33 m and sets of doors, cover and cantilever plates, caps, etc., fully factory-ready, which, when assembled, exactly match each other in shape and size.

Standard sizes of chimneys, as well as combined chimneys and ventilation ducts are given in ADJ. sixteen.

Straight pipe sections are a three-layer construction. The inner tube is made of high-quality fire-resistant fireclay with a thickness of 15-25 mm and covered with a non-combustible heat-insulating material with a thickness of 45-50 mm. The outer shell is made in the form of a block of lightweight concrete, having openings for installing anchors in order to fix the blocks and create channel stability (Fig. 6.7). The structural scheme of the chimney is shown in fig. 6.8.



Fig. 6.7. Smoke Ceramic Pipe:

1 - lightweight concrete shell; 2 - heat insulation; 3 - ceramic pipe.

Fig. 6.8. Ceramic chimney construction:

1 - base; 2 - condensate collection tank; 3 - ventilation grille; 4 - door for inspection and cleaning; 5 - tee to connect the heat source; 6 - mineral fiber panel; 7 - concrete block; 8 - channel for mounting installation; 9 - channel for ventilation;

13 - a gap for air outlet; 14 - the mouth.
6.4.3. Before installation, determine the location of the doors for inspection and cleaning of the pipe, as well as the location and height of the connection of the heat generating installation.

Chimney assembly begins from the bottom up. At the base of the chimney, an element is installed in which there is a ceramic pipe with a tank for collecting and draining condensate, as well as a ventilation grill to provide ventilation for blowing insulation along the entire height of the pipe.

Next, an audit element is set. A metal plate with an airtight shutter is installed behind the door of the inspection opening, preventing smoke from escaping through the door. The connection of the heat generator is carried out using a ceramic tee. The front panel of the tee, made of mineral fiber, allows you to adjust the position of the tee relative to the chimney.

After installation of the service elements and connection of the heat generator, installation of the chimney blocks is performed. To remove the pipe above the roof, use the upper kit, which is part of the chimney elements.

To enhance the static stability of the free-standing part of the chimney under or above the roof, it is necessary to use a special set of fasteners.

6.4.4. The installation of chimney elements must be carried out taking into account the requirements of the installation instructions of the manufacturer.
^ 6.5. Ceramic and steel chimneys
6.5.1. Chimneys are used to remove combustion products from boilers, stoves, fireplaces and other heat-generating installations operating on any type of fuel.

6.5.2. The chimney is a three-layer structure comprising an inner ceramic pipe with a thickness of 6.5–12 mm, a thermal insulation layer made of mineral fiber with a thickness of 60 mm and an outer pipe made of stainless steel with a thickness of 0.4 mm.

Characteristics of the pipes made of ceramic and steel are given in Appendix. 17

6.5.3. Installation of the chimney should be subject to the instructions of the manufacturer.

Before installing the chimney, it is necessary to clearly define the place of its installation and the order of installation, as well as the number and location of the supports, wall mounts and consoles.

When working on mounting holes, damage to walls and floors must be avoided.

Installation of the chimney on the floor should begin with the preparation of the base.

When laying the chimney outside the wall, the lower element for wall mounting supplied with the pipe is first installed and fixed. Then on the ground base or the bottom element for wall mounting is installed element with condensate drain.

The bottom element of the chimney when installed on the floor is attached to the basement base.

Before installing the following flue elements, apply sealant to the lower edge of the inner ceramic pipe. Excessive amount of sealant is removed from the inner surface of the pipe with a damp sponge.

The spout of the inner profiled ceramic tube should always be directed upwards towards the mouth.

The fastening of the chimney elements must be carried out by means of a socket with a sealant and clamps, which are tightened with the help of a clamping screw. The tightened clamp must tightly crimp the pipe (Fig. 6.9)

Fig. 6.9. Detail of the connecting joint chimney:

1 - stainless steel outer tube; 2 - heat insulation; 3 - heat-resistant sealant;

4 - clamp; 5 - ceramic inner tube.
When crossing the roof with a chimney, elements are used to go through the roof, taking into account the angle of inclination, which should be fixed to the attic structure.

Installation of wall mounts must be provided for no more than 4 m. The maximum height of the free-standing section of the chimney from the last wall mounts should not exceed 3 m, and the maximum height of the pipe for wall mounts should be 15 m. additional wall consoles.
^ 6.6. LAS chimneys
6.6.1. Chimneys are designed to remove flue gases from several gas-fired heat generators, as well as to supply outside air to them for combustion. Air-flue gas chimneys have the international designation LAS.

6.6.2. The construction of the pipe is a ceramic inner pipe, which is centered inside the concrete shell with the help of spacer elements (Fig. 6.10). The inflow of external air to the heat generator is carried out through a free opening between the pipe walls and the concrete block.

LAS pipe parameters are given in Appendix. 18.



Fig. 6.10. LAS chimney:

1 - light concrete block; 2 - spacer; 3 - opening for moving air
6.6.3. The design of the pipe allows you to connect the heat source from four sides.

Pipe elements and individual sections are connected with a fire-resistant sealant, which ensures the gas-tightness of the structure.
^ 6.7. Asbestos cement chimneys
6.7.1. Asbestos-cement pipes (GOST 1839-80) without chips and cracks are allowed to remove combustion products with a temperature of up to 300 ° C.

6.7.2. The area of ​​the chimney should not be less than the area of ​​the pipe heat source.

6.7.3. When asbestos-cement pipes meet, the gap between the pipes and the walls of the couplings should be sealed with an asbestos cord according to GOST 1779-83 * to a depth of 30 mm.

6.7.4. When designing and installing smoke asbestos-cement pipes for domestic heat generators, the solutions outlined in the album series 5.905-28-01 “Smoke and ventilation ducts from asbestos-cement pipes in gasified rooms” should be provided. Release 1.
^ 6.8. Requirements for the operation of chimneys (channels)
6.8.1. Smoke pipes (ducts) of heat generating plants must meet the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning"; SP 42-101-2003 "General provisions for the design and construction of gas distribution systems of metal and polyethylene pipes", SP 41-108-2004 "Apartment heat supply of residential buildings with heat generators on gas fuel", MKD 2-03-2003 "Rules and Regulations technical operation of the housing stock ”, these rules and instructions of manufacturers.

6.8.2. Services for the inspection (verification) of chimneys (channels) should be provided taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents under an agreement with specialized organizations VDPO.

6.8.3. When accepting chimneys (channels) of heat generators, stoves and fireplaces, it is necessary to check:

availability of the necessary executive and technical documentation (order of the canal, acts for hidden works, certificates for chimneys, etc.);

compliance of completed (mounted) pipes (channels) with design materials;

the quality of masonry brick channels (the presence of ligation, the thickness of the seams, the vertical angles, the presence of cracks, etc.);

the conformity of the chimney (channel) section to design materials and passports for heat generators and fireplace inserts;

quality of installation of chimneys;

the presence and sufficiency of devices for cleaning pipes (channels) and their location;

the place of laying of chimneys (ducts), the need, availability and thickness of the insulating material;

type of chimneys and chimneys and the possibility of their use;

the presence and size of firebreaks;

the need, availability and size of fire retardants;

no clogging in pipes (ducts);

the isolation of chimneys (channels);

the presence of traction in the pipes (channels);

serviceability of the tips and their elevation relative to the roof and the area of ​​the wind backwater.

6.8.4. Periodic inspection of chimneys (ducts) should be carried out:

before the heating season;

after repair;

at least twice a year during the first two years from the moment of commissioning of gas-powered equipment and furnaces, and later - at least once a year;

taking into account the requirements specified in the passports of manufacturers.

Furnaces and smoke channels must be cleaned of soot before starting, as well as during the entire heating season at least:

once every three months for heating stoves;

once in two months for furnaces and the centers of continuous action;

once a month for cooking stoves and other ovens for continuous (long-term) firebox.

In winter, at least once a month, and in areas of the northern climatic zone, at least twice a month, inspection of the ends of the smoke and ventilation ducts should be carried out in order to prevent their frosting and blockage. According to the results of the inspection, there should be an entry in a special journal with an indication of all the identified faults and the nature of the work carried out to eliminate them.

Taking into account the territorial conditions, other terms of periodic inspections of smoke channels can be established.

When periodic inspections of chimneys (channels) find out:

the presence of blockages and soot deposits;

channel isolation and wall density;

the state of the insulating material and firebreaks;

the presence of traction;

appearance.

The results of periodic inspections of smoke ducts (pipes) are drawn up taking into account the requirements of paragraph 4.3.8 of these rules.

6.8.5. The condition of the internal surface of chimneys (channels), as well as the presence of foreign objects can be assessed by using black and white or color video equipment. To inspect the surfaces of the channels and pipes, miniature video heads are used, which provide the image of the surface on the screen of the control panel.

The presence of foreign objects in chimneys (ducts) is detected by lowering a metal ball with a diameter of 80–100 mm through the mouth on the cable. When lowering the ball, care should be taken not to damage the walls. Free movement of the ball indicates the absence of blockages.

6.8.6. Chimneys (channels) for density check smoke by burning material that gives a large amount of smoke (sawdust, rags, etc.). The mouth of the smoke channel or pipe tightly closed. The appearance of combustion products in the attic, in heated rooms or in adjacent ventilation ducts indicates an insufficient density of the walls of the smoke channel (pipe).

The density of the smoke channel can be checked by closing the entrance and exit of the channel with a sealing inflatable chamber and creating an overpressure in it by a fan unit. The amount of air leakage through leaks is determined by the readings of the device.

6.8.7. The isolation of the smoke channel from the adjacent smoke or ventilation channels is also determined by the smoke method. The appearance of smoke in the adjacent channels indicates the presence of leaks in the walls of the checked smoke channel.

6.8.8. The presence of traction in stoves, heat generators and fireplaces on solid fuel is checked by a lit match, which is brought to the open furnace door (viewing hole). The deviation of the flame of a match from the vertical towards the firebox indicates the presence of thrust.

The value of thrust can be determined by measuring the vacuum with an electronic micromanometer or the velocity of air in the firebox hole with an electronic thermoanemometer. The obtained value of vacuum in the chimneys (channels) of heat generators and prefabricated fireplaces should not be less than the values ​​given in the operating instructions or passports.

6.8.9. When checking the tips of the smoke channels (pipes) in the winter and the detection of frost and disturbance of the normal operation, it is necessary to:

check the health of the smoke channel throughout its length;

punch a hole in the attic in the wall of the smoke channel;

insert a sheet of iron into the channel;

chop the ice off with a crowbar or other tool (without damaging the canal walls) and remove it from the canal;

on a sheet of iron, make a fire and warm the channel until the freezing is completely eliminated;

to seal the hole in the channel with a brick on the solution;

check the channel for permeability with a ball and rope;

check for traction in the channel.
^ 6.9. Fire safety requirements for smoke ducts (pipes)
6.9.1. When laying and installing ducts (pipes), the fire safety requirements set forth in SNiP 2.04.05-91 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning", SP 42-101-2003 "General provisions for the design and construction of gas distribution systems of metal and polyethylene pipes ", SP 41-108-2004" Apartment heat supply of residential buildings with gas-fired heat generators ", albums of typical building structures, products and components of the series 5.905-27.01" Smoke and ventilation ducts of gasified rooms "and series 5.905-28.01" Smoke ventilation ducts of asbestos-cement pipes gasified premises "as well as the instructions of manufacturers.

6.9.2. Building structures made of combustible materials adjacent to the smoke ducts (pipes) should be protected from fire by arranging indents or grooves.

6.9.3. The dimensions of the indentation and the methods of protecting structures made of combustible materials when using smoke brick ducts should be taken in accordance with paragraph 3.8.4 of these rules.

Dimensions retreat and method of protecting structures made of combustible materials when laying chimneys (channels) from heat generators on gas fuel are shown in Fig. 6.11.



Fig. 6.11. Delay device:

1 - wooden wall; 2 - 25 mm thick plaster on 8 mm thick asbestos cardboard or felt impregnated with clay mortar; 3 - ventilation duct; 4 - smoke channel.
6.9.4. When smoke bridges cross the construction of floors made of combustible materials, it is necessary to arrange horizontal cuts by thickening the walls of the smoke channel. In case of masonry, the thickening is performed by an overhang of no more than 1/4 of the brick length in each row of the masonry (fig. 6.12).



Fig. 6.12. Horizontal cutting:

1 - ventilation duct; 2 - smoke channel; 3 - heat insulation; 4 - wooden beam.
The dimensions of the grooves, taking into account the thickness of the walls of the brick channels, should be taken under paragraph 3.8.13 of these rules.

6.9.5. The height of the brick grooves should be taken more than the thickness of the ceiling so that the top of the groove protrudes 70 mm above the floor or backfilling in the attic.

6.9.6. Wooden beams embedded in the walls of smoke brick canals should be located at least 380 mm from the inner surface of the channel if the beam is protected from fire, and at least 500 mm away if not protected.

Variants of performance of cuts from smoke channels to wooden beams and crossbars are presented in fig. 6.13.



Fig. 6.13. Placement of wooden beams and crossbars:

1 - beam; 2 - solution with thermal insulation of the end of the beam; 3 - smoke channels; 4 - cutting;

5 - bolt; 6 - thermal insulation.
6.9.7. The distance from the external surfaces of the smoke channels to metal and reinforced concrete beams should be no less than 130 mm.

6.9.8. Combustible roof structures (rafters, battens, etc.) should be located at least 130 mm from the outer surface of the smoke channel.

6.9.9. The distance from the inner surface of the smoke channels (pipes) of furnaces and gas-using equipment to structures made of combustible materials (cutting size) should be taken not less than indicated in Table. 6.1.
Table 6.1.

Channels	The dimensions of the grooves, mm, in the presence of designs
	not protected from fire	protected from fire
From the heating and heating-cooking stove with burners UGOP-NP-8, UGOP-N-14, UGOP-P-19, UGOP-P-25 and with a periodic firebox duration:
up to 3 h	380	250
more than 3 hours	510	380
From domestic gas flow, capacitive, heating apparatus with a water circuit, firebox with a burner UGOP-N-4	250	250

Note: The protection of structures against fire should be made of a non-combustible material, ensuring a fire resistance of at least EI45.
6.9.10. When crossing metal floors or other chimneys of combustible materials, fire breaks should be provided (Fig. 6.14). The thickness of the material of the cutting should provide thermal resistance (ratio of thickness to thermal conductivity) not less than the thermal resistance of fire-prevention cutting of ceramic bricks.

Fig. 6.14. Fire fighting scheme:

1 - heat insulation; 2 - wooden structures.