Optimal connection of heating radiators. Connection diagrams for heating radiators in a private house - installation rules and regulations

Connecting heating radiators

When building a house or just when major renovation In a private estate or apartment, the installation of heating radiators should be done after elements such as doors and windows have already been installed. In this case, you must determine in advance which connection of heating radiators you will use, and in addition, of course, prepare necessary materials and tools.

How to properly connect a heating battery? The process of installing the radiator itself does not take much time and effort. First of all, you need to install the battery mounts. Their number and location directly depends on the number of radiator sections. Next, we connect the pipes, install the radiator itself and connect everything. Let's look at an example of how to connect a heating radiator using polypropylene pipes.

Heating system options

The most common and popular are single-pipe and two-pipe heating systems. Let's take a closer look at each of them and the correct connection of heating batteries in each case.

The single-pipe heating system is used today mainly for multi-storey buildings.

The hot coolant spreads through the pipes from top to bottom, evenly distributed throughout all heating devices. Such a system is quite easy to install and requires relatively little large quantity materials. But at the same time, it also has a number of disadvantages:

• there is no possibility of adjusting the degree of heating of individual radiators;
• on the lower floors the temperature of the batteries can be significantly lower than on the upper floors, since the coolant reaches them already cooled down;
• in the event of a breakdown on any floor, the entire riser is switched off;
• quite difficult to disconnect from the system for installation autonomous heating.

A two-pipe heating system is most often used to create heating in private houses and cottages. It involves connecting two pipes to the radiator at once: one carries hot coolant to the battery, and the other drains cooled water. It is important to take into account that all radiators in two-pipe system connected only in parallel.

A two-pipe heating system has several significant advantages. First of all, the temperature of all radiators will always be equal, no matter how far from the boiler they are installed.

In addition, with this type of system, it is possible to adjust the degree of heating of each individual radiator - this allows you to create the maximum comfortable temperature in every room.

A heating system of this type includes the following elements:

• radiator with a valve at the top and a plug at the bottom;
• radiator plugs;
• valve with thermostat;
• bypass;
• shank;
• stopcock;
• couplings and locknuts;
• heating pipes (metal, polypropylene).

It should be noted that the same set of components, with the exception of a valve with a thermostat and a bypass, is suitable for installing a single-pipe heating system.

Types of connection of pipes and radiators

Connecting heating batteries can be:

• lateral - this connection of the battery to the heating system is the most common. With this type of connection, the pipe with the hot coolant is supplied to the upper branch pipe, and the return pipe is connected to the lower one. That is, both pipes are located on the same side of the radiator. This connection of heating batteries is the most productive - it results in the least heat loss. However, you should not use such a connection for heating radiators, the number of sections of which is more than 15.
• diagonal connection heating batteries – used for fairly long batteries. With this type, the pipe with the hot coolant is connected to the upper radiator pipe on one side, and the cooled coolant outflow pipe is connected to the lower pipe on the other side. This connection of the heating radiator allows the coolant to spread throughout the radiator as evenly as possible. It is important to consider that if you choose a diagonal connection of heating radiators among themselves, but at the same time the supply hot water is carried out through the lower pipe, and the outflow through the upper, the efficiency of the system will decrease by about 10%.
• bottom connection heating radiators. It is used only when the heating pipes are hidden under the floor. The efficiency of radiators connected in this way is approximately 10% lower than those connected by the side method.

Types of radiators for piping

Before you start creating a heating system and before connecting the radiators, you need to determine what types of radiators you want to use. Today there is great amount types of batteries. They may differ in:

• material;
• the principle of how to connect a heating battery;
• wall mounting method.

Today the most common are the following types radiators:

• – are a relatively thin panel of flat steel plates. How to properly connect a heating radiator of this type? Radiators of this type are connected from the side or bottom.

Steel panel batteries

• sectional radiators. Lightweight sectional model made of aluminum (there are also bimetallic radiators of this type). How to properly connect the heating batteries in this case? Such batteries can be connected in several sections or one at a time. For such radiators, it is best to use polypropylene pipes, the connection type is lateral.

About connecting bimetal in the article: Connecting bimetallic heating radiators.

It is noteworthy that in Lately in apartments with central heating bimetallic batteries are increasingly being installed, abandoning cast iron ones. The reason for this change is due to a number of reasons. First of all, cast iron radiators are heavier and bulkier. In addition, due to poor-quality water used as a coolant in the heating system, sediment, sand and rust appear in such radiators quite quickly - and these factors significantly contribute to a decrease in the heat transfer of radiators. Such problems do not arise with bimetallic radiators.

For a private home you can choose panel radiators. They can be either aluminum or steel - it all depends on the customer’s wishes.

The main thing is to comply with all rules during installation. It is important to remember that if you have a copper pipeline, then you can connect both steel and aluminum radiators. And if the pipeline is made of ordinary pipes, only aluminum batteries are allowed to be installed.

What is needed to connect radiators

Creating a heating system is enough difficult process. Meanwhile, by following all the rules and a clear sequence of work, even a beginner can handle it. How to connect a heating battery correctly? The main thing is attention. For high-quality installation and connecting radiators, some components are required. In particular:

• adapters with right and left threads (fittings);
• tools for high-quality screwing of adapters;
• plugs, manual air vent, key for bleeding air, adapters;
• shut-off valves, Ball Valves, valves;
• pipes.

Tying with polypropylene pipes - implementation principle

Recently, polypropylene pipes have become increasingly popular. Of course, the correct connection of heating radiators and piping can be done with any other pipes, but most professionals still recommend choosing these.

For piping, it is most rational to use polypropylene corner ball valves - they are much easier to install, and their cost is relatively low.

Tying with polypropylene pipes is carried out as follows:

• a coupling with a union nut is inserted into the multiflex, connecting to any output;
• Pipes are fixed to the wall using pre-attached brackets. It is important that they do not touch the wall, but are 2-3 cm from its surface.

The advantage of polypropylene pipes is that they can be laid in the wall itself, and the edge of the pipe required for piping is brought out in close proximity to the radiator. A variety of fasteners can be used to secure batteries. Most often, professionals use a pin connection for this purpose that is fixed to the wall surface. If you want to hang radiators, use regular brackets for this. A small clarification - panel batteries are (mostly) sold complete with fasteners. But for sectional radiators Mount must be purchased separately

We already practically know how to properly connect a heating radiator. The taps are connected as follows:

• initially the crane must be disassembled;
• a fitting with a union nut is screwed into the radiator;
• Using a special wrench, tighten the nut.

For high-quality implementation of something so simple, and at the same time, it is enough important action you will need to use a special wrench - without it you will not be able to tighten the “American” properly.

In addition to this key, during installation and piping of radiators, as well as during how to connect two heating batteries, you will also need:

• seals;
• a set of keys;
• tow;
• thread paste;
• threads for carving.

Features of radiator installation

When installing heating radiators and when connecting the heating radiator, the requirements specified in SNiP should be strictly observed. In particular, this applies to maintaining the required distance between the radiator and the wall, floor and window sill:

• the distance from the top of the radiator to the window sill must be at least 10 cm. If the specified gap is lower, this may impede the movement of heat flow - thus, the room will not warm up as well;
• the distance from the bottom of the radiator to the floor should be at least 12 cm. If it is less, there is a risk of a significant increase in the temperature difference by different heights premises;
• the distance from the rear wall of the radiator to the wall must be at least 2 cm. Otherwise, the heat transfer of the radiator will be impaired.

It is also important to take into account that the installation method and how to properly connect heating radiators also affect the quality of heating the room. So, possible options for installing radiators:

• V open form under the window sill – maximum efficiency of the heating system – 96%-97%;
• in an open form in a niche – the efficiency is slightly lower – 93%;
• in a partially closed form – there is a decrease in efficiency to 88%;
• completely closed – heating efficiency is only 75%-80%.

Piping a heating radiator and how to properly connect a radiator can be done using different types of pipes. The main thing is strict compliance with all specified requirements and rules. If the radiator connection is made without errors, the heating system will not require repairs for many years. Now we know how best to connect heating radiators - but it’s even better to ask professionals about this.

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The heating system is created with the goal of providing heat to everyone who lives or is in a residential building, apartment or building, and the connection of heating radiators must be done correctly. The indoor air temperature is considered to be comfortable in the range from 18°C ​​to 25°C. The power of heating devices must be such that it compensates for heat loss through walls, doors, windows and other enclosing structures facing the street.

Diagram defining the connection of heating radiators in own home, is selected at the design stage of the structure before the start of execution construction work. True, measures to improve or repair the heating structure can be carried out while the premises are in use.

Of course, if there is a central heating main in the locality the best solution The problem with heat supply is connecting to it. With absence central heating The installation of an autonomous heating system is becoming relevant.

Factors affecting heating efficiency

The efficiency of a heating structure depends on several factors:

1. Wiring of heating system elements. The degree and uniformity of heating of the room, and accordingly the amount of money spent on heating a house or apartment, depends on the correctness of this work.
2. Choice heating equipment . Everything that is necessary to create a heating system is purchased on the basis of a professionally performed calculation of technical and financial indicators. The fact is that deciding how to properly connect heating radiators and choosing the appropriate equipment helps achieve maximum heat transfer at minimum consumption fuel. Read also: "".
3. Installation method main pipelines, heating boiler, circulation pump, connection of heating radiators, control and shut-off elements. Incorrect installation of any part of the heating structure can result in failure of the entire system.
4. Availability special knowledge and skills carrying out work related to the design and installation of heat supply structures. Professionals in the field of heating engineering must carry out calculations and determine the heating scheme of the house, including the option of how to connect heating radiators in a particular case. Despite the fact that hiring specialists will increase the cost of heating installations, you should not save on this. Read also: "".

Selecting a heating battery connection diagram

When the choice of the type of heating boiler is completed, the connection diagram for the heating batteries in the house is determined. It can be single-pipe or double-pipe.

The radiator installation itself is carried out in one of three ways:

• bottom;
• lateral;
• diagonal.

If, when deciding how to connect a heating radiator, a one-sided pipe connection was planned, then the number of sections on one device should not exceed 12 for gravity heating networks and 24 for systems equipped with a circulation pump.

If it is necessary to install a larger number of sections, you need to use versatile piping to the heating radiators. When installing heating devices, do not forget about bandwidth direct pipe and return pipe, which depends on their diameter and roughness coefficient.

Effective heat transfer can be achieved provided that the batteries are optimally placed, or more precisely, by observing the installation distance of the devices in relation to the walls, floor covering, window and windowsill.

The installation instructions and how to properly connect a heating radiator provide the following standards:

• the device should be located at a distance of 10 - 12 centimeters from the floor;
• it should be installed no closer than 8-10 centimeters to the window sill;
• the back panel cannot be placed closer than 2 centimeters from the wall;
• When installing batteries, it is necessary to provide for regulation of the degree of their heating, both manually and automatically. For this purpose, special thermostats are purchased (more details: " ");
• In order to repair or replace the radiator, valves, valves and manual taps should be provided. They will allow you to disconnect the product from the heating system;
• On the devices you need to install Mayevsky taps, such as in the photo. With their help, air trapped in the system is removed.

Installation of steel or other types of radiators is carried out in a certain sequence:

• carry out preliminary markings for placing brackets that are attached to the wall;
• Mayevsky taps are mounted on the devices;
• install various shut-off and other elements - valves, plugs, taps and regulators;
• before connecting the heating radiator, it is placed on brackets and leveled horizontally;
• the device is connected to the pipeline using transition fittings;
• perform pressure testing and test run of water.

Series connection of heating radiators

With this method, the batteries are connected using one pipe. Most often, if a series connection of heating radiators is required, then in order to increase the power of the heating devices and ensure a sufficient degree of heating of the room, it is necessary to increase the number of sections at the end of the line.

The series connection method is characterized by uneven distribution of thermal power. As a result, the first radiator heats up much hotter than the subsequent ones, and the last device in the circuit will be barely warm.

Despite a number of inconveniences, this method is in demand because of its simplicity, and adjustment of the required degree of heat transfer is carried out by building up several sections of batteries in different places of the heating structure. Read also: "".

Examples of connecting heating radiators in the video:

The heating system is one of the most important elements home improvement. Heating a house directly depends on the selected heating system and the way in which it was connected. Unfortunately, not everyone knows how best to connect a heating radiator with their own hands.

But first, it’s worth understanding the types of heating systems. This is necessary, since the connection may have its own characteristics depending on the selected system.

Types of heating systems

Depending on the connection principle, there are one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems.

Single-pipe system is the most common, as it is installed in most apartment buildings. It is a looped pipe to which heating elements are connected in series.

So called because only one pipe is used to supply water to the radiators and return it to the boiler. This connection method has a number of positive features and disadvantages.

Advantages of such a system:

• cost-effectiveness in terms of required materials;
• small time costs during installation;

Its disadvantages are:

• There is no possibility of top connection;
• Due to the series connection, the heat output of the first heating element is much higher than that of the last one in the system;
• Heat transfer cannot exceed the rate calculated during installation;

Two-pipe system - differs from the previous one in that independent pipes are responsible for the supply and return of water. Also, when using this model, radiators are connected in parallel.

Advantages of this connection method:

• the ability to regulate the coolant supply by installing a tap in front of the radiator;
• uniform heating of all elements;

The disadvantages are greater consumption of materials and a more labor-intensive installation process.

On this moment There are various schemes and methods for connecting radiators. But there are several generally accepted features that are recommended to be taken into account, regardless of the installation method.

The main place to install radiators is the area under the windows. This is done to keep cold air away from the glass into the house and also prevents condensation from occurring.

In this case, the length of the device should not exceed 70% of the window width, otherwise the windows will periodically fog up. Also, for optimal heat circulation, the radiator should be located from 8 to 12 cm from the floor, and from 3 to 1 cm from the wall.

Before installation, check the heat supply system, as depending on it you may need Various types radiators.

Connecting a radiator at home

Before direct installation, you should make sure that all the elements necessary for installation are available. If a single-pipe connection method was chosen, it is recommended to purchase a bypass, which will allow you to remove the radiator being installed without the need to shut off the entire system.

Also, according to the size and connection method, they are selected connecting elements, if they are not included with the radiator. This also includes shut-off valves and drains, which are also selected according to size.

It is highly desirable to install a Mayevsky valve in the structure, which will allow the accumulated air to be periodically released from the system.

There are a large number of photos on the Internet showing the connections of heating radiators, for choosing the optimal configuration of components.

It is worth noting that when installing any types of radiators with the exception of cast iron, you should not remove the packaging until completion. installation work.

Instructions for correctly connecting the radiator

One of the fundamental operations is marking and installing brackets. It is recommended to do this in accordance with the above instructions, or according to the radiator manufacturer's instructions.

It is important not to allow too much distortion, as this can lead to undesirable consequences in the form of stagnation. After installation, the device should rest tightly on all fasteners.

Next, you should unscrew all the plugs from the radiator. If a single-pipe method is used, first of all a bypass is connected to the radiator, which is pre-equipped with a valve. Otherwise, a control valve is connected to the device using a squeegee.

Using drives, a heating element connected to the heating system. To ensure sealing, it is recommended to use tow or a similar sealant if necessary.

The installation of the radiator into the system is completed, but for its full operation the device will still require pressure testing. To carry out this procedure, it is recommended to contact a plumber, as professional equipment will be required.

Photo of the process of connecting heating radiators

In the cold weather of the off-season and severe frosts in winter period The heating system should provide the most comfortable temperature in all rooms of the house. Correct installation heating network depends on many factors: the total length of the structure, the area of ​​the house, the number of batteries and the methods of connecting them to the central risers. It turns out that an individual heating system is selected for each building. Many homeowners, especially those living in apartment buildings, people often wonder: how to connect a heating battery correctly?

Two types of heating systems

Heating systems of houses are divided into two types: single-pipe, as more economical option, and two-pipe, having more benefits. Let's look at them and name the main differences.

Single pipe system

In a single-pipe system, hot water moves through the pipes from top to bottom. It is evenly distributed over heating device and exits through another pipe, again falling into the same pipe. This type of heating network is more typical for houses with many floors. It is easy to install and does not require a large amount of materials. The system has its drawbacks:

• Temperature of radiators on the first floors apartment building significantly lower than on the upper ones, since the water entering them is no longer so hot.
• It is not possible to change the heating level in individual apartments.
• To eliminate a leak as a result of an accident and replace the battery on one floor, the entire riser has to be turned off.
• For installation of autonomous heating separate apartment It can be difficult to disconnect from the general system.

When thinking about how to connect heating radiators so that the apartment on the ground floor is warm, you can use circulation pump, which will distribute hot water to all radiators. For the owners of their home, we can advise increasing the number of sections in heating devices in the back rooms, which will increase heat transfer.

To avoid stopping the heating along the riser, which occurs as a result of a blockage or leak in a separate device, they are installed with a bypass - a jumper between two wirings.

Two-pipe system

Correct connection of heating radiators with a two-pipe system is often used to heat a private house or cottage. Its advantage, compared to a single-pipe one, is that all radiators, including those remote from the boiler, have the same temperature.

The effectiveness of this system is reflected in its higher cost. After all, you have to install two pipe circuits. The first brings hot water to the radiator, which is drained through the second. The batteries in such a system are mounted in parallel. The advantages of this pipe installation:

• the hot coolant is distributed among the radiators most evenly;
• it is possible to regulate the temperature in each room;
• If an individual battery is repaired, the rest of the heating system continues to operate.

Basic diagrams for connecting radiators to a thermal system

It is sometimes unclear to a non-specialist how to connect the battery correctly and why the radiator is connected to the pipes different ways. The point is that different variants connections and work differently, giving their own percentage of heat transfer from the heating device, the direction of movement of the coolant flow and its intensity.

Batteries in two-pipe and one-pipe systems are connected in several ways: side, diagonal, bottom and others.

Side

The most common connection method. It consists in the fact that one pipe with hot coolant, the supply, is connected to the upper pipe, and a return pipe is connected to the lower pipe, through which the slightly cooled hot water leaves. For such a connection, there is a limitation on the number of sections in the radiator; there should not be more than 15.

Diagonal

This method of connecting the battery to the heating system is used for long radiators. The coolant is connected as follows: the supply approaches the upper pipe on one side, and the return is located on the lower pipe on the other side. Hot water has the ability to be distributed most evenly throughout the heating device.

Lower

This connection method is found in houses in which the heating system pipes are hidden under the floor. It can be installed not only in single-pipe heating systems, but also in double-pipe heating systems for low-rise buildings in the private sector. This connection method is not the most efficient. Often it is necessary to add a circulation pump to the system.

There are other ways to connect radiators. For example, a one-sided bottom one, in which the supply and return are located next to each other. Pipes in such a scheme are almost invisible, but for good heating Batteries with a large number of sections are required.

When deciding how to properly connect heating batteries, you need to pay attention to the efficiency of the connection method. When calculating the power of a heating device, various coefficients are used, increasing and decreasing. They are directly related to the method of connecting the radiator with a central riser. Various schemes have the following indicators:

• lateral - K is equal to 1.0;
• diagonal - K is 1.1-1.2;
• lower - K is 0.7-0.9.

As you can see, a heating radiator can have the highest efficiency coefficient if it is connected correctly using the diagonal method. But each homeowner decides independently which type of connection to use.

Battery Installation: Necessary Factors

Place

Connecting heating radiators in an apartment or house usually occurs according to certain rules. You can place batteries anywhere in the room. It depends on the wishes of the owners. But it would be more advisable to choose a location where there are heat losses in order to reduce their magnitude and get a feeling of comfort.

The most noticeable heat loss occurs through window glass. And what modern technologies nor used in the creation of the latest double-glazed windows, their heat loss will be greater than that of the walls. Therefore, in apartment buildings, radiators are located in rooms under windows, where they limit the area with cold air.

When installing a radiator, the following requirements are usually observed:

• the distance from the window sill to the top of the radiator should be at least 5-10 cm;
• to the wall - 2-5 cm;
• to the floor - 8-12 cm.

Before correctly connecting heating batteries in an apartment, you should calculate the length of the radiator or required amount sections. This can determine whether the room remains warm and cozy on very cold days. There are several methods for such calculations, based on complex formulas and coefficients.

A layman who owns or lives in an apartment can make simpler calculations. You just need to know the parameters of your room and the power of the selected batteries. 100 W of radiator power can heat 1 m² of room well. We multiply the area of ​​the room by 100. The value of the total battery power is obtained. We divide the value we received by the power of one section indicated in the documentation. We get required quantity sections.

There is also a simpler old rule for correct connection heating radiator. The battery section is designed to heat 2 m² of a room whose ceiling height does not exceed 2.7 m. When calculating the number of sections, we round up. This scheme is not suitable for corner apartments and private houses with large rooms And high ceilings. There the calculation is made individually.

Battery installation step by step

Before you properly connect a heating radiator in an apartment, you need to consider whether it is worth installing a system for possible regulation of the heat supply. It can be created automatically or manually.

No need to skimp on installation hand-held devices, ensuring additional safe operation of radiators: faucets, gate valves, valves. They will help you quickly turn off radiators in critical situations. They are also irreplaceable during the repair of individual batteries, then there will be no need to stop the heat supply to the entire house.

When deciding how to connect the heating battery correctly, you can use these instructions:

1. First, make the necessary markings before attaching the brackets, then mount them to the wall.
2. Mayevsky cranes are installed on the batteries, special devices, helping to bleed air from the batteries in cases of air locks.
3. They install plugs and regulators for heat supply, valves and other mechanisms.
4. Having placed the radiator on the brackets, level it horizontally relative to the floor.
5. Connect the battery to the general thermal system using adapter fittings.
6. A preliminary test of the battery is carried out to check its reliability with the start-up of the coolant.

You need to know this! Unauthorized transfer, installation and connection of heating radiators can subsequently create many problems, both for the owner of the apartment where these actions were carried out, and for neighbors whose thermal conditions of the premises will be disrupted. This work is carried out only with permission management company and after an examination by a specialist.

Useful tips for those who connect heating batteries themselves

Some owners consider the methods of connecting radiators to the heating system of the house not so important fact like the material, what they are made of. Thus, heat transfer is higher bimetallic batteries than those made of cast iron. But if the connection diagram is incorrect, such radiators will have a lower heat transfer coefficient. If bimetallic devices heating system is connected to the pipes in a lower way, then the heat loss will be 12%, which will affect temperature conditions premises and fuel losses.

Experts recommend how you can increase heat transfer if you connect the heating radiator correctly. To do this, a reflective panel is attached behind it. Its role can be played by an ordinary piece of plywood or fiberboard wrapped aluminum foil. But in this case, the distance from the wall to the battery should be at least 1.5 cm.

It is recommended to install regulating and locking mechanisms. This is required both for balancing and for the possibility of removing the radiator in case of replacement and washing.

When installing heating systems in private houses, the power of the boiler and the required heat transfer of heating devices are first determined. When these issues are resolved, all that remains is to connect them to the boiler with pipelines to supply coolant. In this regard, the question often arises - what connection diagrams for heating radiators are used in certain cases? Our article is intended to answer this question.

Types of heating systems

According to the method of supplying coolant to the batteries, all heating systems are divided into:

• single-pipe;
• two-pipe.

Both types are successfully used in cottage construction, each of them is good in its own way. By design, two-pipe circuits come with bottom and top wiring, but most often the lower heating distribution is accepted in a private house, since it is more practical and it is more convenient to make it hidden. The coolant from the boiler to the batteries and back can move by gravity or circulate forcibly, driven by a constantly running pump. Let's look at ways to connect heating radiators.

Single-pipe radiator connection diagram

Such systems have been used for a very long time and have their undeniable advantages. In simple words, a one-pipe connection diagram is when one pipe with coolant is laid through all the rooms and represents a closed circuit, all connections to heating devices are connected to it, as shown in the figure:

Connecting radiators to a single-pipe heating system

It should be said that when single-pipe scheme For heating, there are many options for connecting radiators, we present the most popular of them. This scheme uses forced circulation of water in the network, and the connections to the batteries are connected from below. This scheme is called “Leningradka” and is the most economical option in terms of saving materials and ease of installation work. But if you connect batteries in this way, they will warm up unevenly, and accordingly, the heat transfer of the devices will be reduced. For this reason, the diagonal method with coolant flow from top to bottom, shown in the figure, is more common:

Diagonal battery connection diagram

In two- and three-story houses, a single-pipe system with vertical risers can be used. The supply riser is located closer to the boiler and penetrates the ceiling. The branches of the 1st and 2nd floors are powered from it, which then converge back to the second riser:

In this case, you can use both diagonal and bottom methods of connecting radiators. The latter, despite the reduced heat output of heating devices, are in demand because they fit better into the interior of any room.

If there are a lot of rooms on all floors, then to organize their heating, a scheme with top wiring is suitable, where the supply manifold is laid in attic space, and in each room or adjacent to it there is a riser. There are no horizontal branches; here a lateral connection of the radiator directly to the riser is used. In addition, vertical risers can be made in 2 varieties: flow-through and with bypasses. It is usually recommended to use bypasses in such systems:

As already mentioned, single-pipe systems are easier to install and more economical in materials, but they have a number of disadvantages:

1. Accurate hydraulic calculations and selection of sections are required depending on the selected radiator connection options. If this is done carelessly, then it will be very difficult to balance the system, especially in conditions two-story house. This will lead to ineffective and uneconomical operation of the home heating circuit.

2. You cannot install many batteries on each branch. Each subsequent one receives increasingly cold coolant and the latter will have to be made with a larger number of sections. Perfect option installations - 3-4 pieces for each branch.

3. Automatic air temperature control has become more complicated. The thermal head installed on the first device will affect the operation of the subsequent heating device, and so on.

The following conclusion suggests itself: the place of the device for single pipe system- these are small buildings with a small number of rooms, and “Leningradka” and other schemes will work ideally in them. The main thing is to calculate everything correctly and select the number of radiator sections.

Two-pipe radiator connection diagram

In these systems, each water heater is connected to 2 separate pipelines running through the rooms. That is, one line is connected to the supply line, and the second to the return line. The most common two-pipe connection scheme with a boiler and passing traffic water in the return line is shown in the figure:

Connecting radiators to a two-pipe heating system

The scheme with the associated movement of the coolant is one of optimal options, since it is hydraulically balanced initially. The path that water travels in the supply pipe is equal to the length of the return pipeline and their hydraulic resistance is the same. In this case, it is preferable to use diagonal method connecting batteries.

These schemes can also be dead ends. Then the cooled coolant from the last device in the chain takes the longest path, and from the first - the shortest, which is clearly visible in the diagram:

This requires balancing by regulating the supply of hot water to each battery using taps or thermostatic valves.

It is impossible not to say about two-pipe gravity systems with overhead wiring, whose work is based on the principle of convection and is carried out diagonal connection radiators. Its main advantage is energy independence, and its scope of application is residential buildings with a small area and no more than two storeys. The disadvantage is the high material consumption due to the increased pipe diameters, as well as the top connection, which does not always look aesthetically pleasing.

The scope of application of this scheme is very wide; a two-pipe heating system is used in buildings for any purpose, and in individual cottages and even more so. Its only drawback is that the higher material consumption and complexity of assembly are more than compensated for by numerous advantages:

• Possibility of installing both a gravity system and a network with forced circulation water.
• Flexibility. The scheme can be easily selected for buildings of any complexity.
• 8-10 batteries are placed on one branch without additional hydraulic regulators.
• Since connections to a two-pipe system are made separately for supply and return, the operation of radiator thermostatic valves does not affect other devices, which means that automatic control of home heating can be organized.

About connecting batteries to pipelines

If previously the choice of heating devices and accessories for them was small, now there are enough new products on the market that make our utility networks look more aesthetically pleasing. Nowadays you can purchase a nice kit for connecting batteries for each product; it may include many useful accessories: valves, valves, thermal heads and other elements for quick and convenient assembly of the heater.

For example, a kit for connecting heating radiators, which includes an entire unit with control fittings. It is relevant when the device is connected to the network sideways and is additionally equipped with a valve for the thermal head:

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators with bottom connections of the supply and return pipelines have also become very popular. Such products are created for connection to pipes laid hidden in the floor and their cost is more expensive than usual. Despite this, these devices are mounted together with openly laid pipelines, adding a proprietary unit bottom connection as shown below.

The design of the batteries has one peculiarity: the water first passes from the bottom up through the first section, and then spreads over all the others, as with a conventional top connection, which is very convenient. But at the same time, radiators with bottom connections have the disadvantage of incorrect adjustment from the thermal head. You can install it, but the element will react to the air temperature near the floor.

Conclusion

Choosing a diagram for connecting a boiler to heating devices is not an easy question. If in a small one-story house You can also draw a diagram yourself, select radiators and connection kits for them, or even more difficult cases However, it is recommended to do this with the help of a specialist.