A pellet or pyrolysis boiler is better. Pellet boilers produced by Pyrolysis Master

Today, the X-TEPLO portal presents its readers with an expert review of the updated line of pellet boilers popular in Russia, produced under the brand. The brand of these boilers has long won the trust of consumers in the market, so we don’t pass by and share our impressions of the updated PELLET series.

It is impossible to achieve revolutionary changes in pellet boiler technologies today, so all of them, which is logical, are concentrated around operating comfort, as well as aesthetic benefits. Pyrolysis Master went both ways.

The first thing the consumer notices is appearance, which has been dramatically improved thanks to the new design. According to our information, the manufacturer involved European experts in the field of industrial design in developing the design.

The second and more significant change was the new boiler automation. The updated controller in the new line of pellet burners “Pyrolysis Masters”, produced at a German plant in Poland, can now not only control the operation of the boiler, but also supports remote control through all modern communication channels, including the room thermostat. Now the consumer can “command” the boiler via SMS messages, using a computer via the Internet, as well as directly from the bedroom by setting comfortable temperature air on the room thermostat.

Improvements have also been made to the burner device, which in boilers of this brand is one of the most unpretentious pellet burners on the market in relation to the quality of the fuel used. On the manufacturer’s website you can find a video of the burners in operation, after studying which you can be convinced of the omnivorous nature of this design. However, changes in boilers affected not only from the point of view of unpretentiousness. It's about durability.

We requested photos of the new burner, which show that all the “dry zones” of the steel surfaces of the burner have become 2 times thicker. For the consumer, this means one thing - the service life of the burner without replacement Supplies will be the same as that of the boiler itself. This improvement, in our opinion, is key.

Burner operation example

For those who want to get more information about these boilers, we suggest moving down the article, where we will tell you more about model range and designs. It will be interesting, join us!

Model range of the PELLET series

A series of hot water boilers with burners for burning pellets of any quality, developed in 2015, includes 15 models, different in thermal power, but similar in design. The power range of all presented boilers in this series ranges from 15 to 500 kW, which allows them to be used for heating domestic, public and industrial buildings with total area up to 5000 sq. meters, and when installed in cascades, the heated area is not limited.

The design consists of the following main elements:

• a steel boiler with a 5-pass heat exchanger - it should be noted that it is the only one on the market;
• fuel bunker;
• conveyor with two augers for feeding pellets into the firebox;
• cast iron burner;
• fan for air supply;
• automatic and emergency safety devices.

Additional equipment required: chimney, internal section which depends on the power of the equipment and the maximum possible quantity combustion products.

Purpose of the equipment

Steel heating boilers PELLET series are designed for heating coolant in heating systems with a design operating temperature of up to 90°C and pressure of up to 2.0 kg/cm 2, as well as for cooking hot water through a heat exchanger indirect heating. Choice required power the boiler is made depending on the calculated heat losses of the building and the level of hot water consumption.

Types of fuel used

To obtain thermal energy, granulated pellets of any quality are used as the main type. Additional types may be small wood waste, sunflower husks, etc. The PELLET DUO series provides the ability to burn wood on the grates included in the delivery set.

Design Features

Specially developed for the PELLET series special design heat exchanger, forming a 5-pass movement of hot water inside the firebox flue gases. In this case, the cooled coolant from the return line enters from the rear at the bottom of the heat exchanger and passes upward along it, all the time moving towards the flue gases with a higher temperature.

Thanks to this, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in the temperature of the flue gases and increase the coefficient useful action up to 92%. This indicator can be considered objective, because The heat transfer area is truly impressive.

According to the consumer, such a high efficiency means high savings in pellet consumption, and therefore your money on heating.

The body is made of high-quality boiler steel with a thickness of 6-8 mm and is distinguished by high strength and durability. Thermal insulation it reliably retains heat inside the structure and eliminates unacceptable losses into the surrounding space. For convenient maintenance of the firebox and cleaning it from soot, service hatches and sufficient distances between the heat exchanger elements are provided.

Steel fuel hopper and pellet feeding device into the firebox

In the basic configuration, the volume of the bunker is selected in such a way as to ensure continuous operation of any model during the day at maximum load without adding pellets. However, it is possible to order a bunker with an increased volume, up to 10 thousand liters. Loading of granules is done through the upper hinged hatch.

Feeding into the furnace occurs using mechanical device with two screws, which are located on axes of different heights. An air gap in the pellet supply channel to the burner brings the level fire safety up to 100%, excluding the possibility of flame penetration through the transport channel into the bunker with pellets.

The first upper auger takes the granules from fuel bunker and moves them to the second auger located below. The lower mechanism feeds the pellets directly to combustion. The operation of the augers is controlled separately and performed automatically.

The fuel tank can be installed on the right or left side of the boiler. This will provide more convenient access to the loading hatch in small boiler rooms.

Pyrolysis Master pellets use a retort burner horizontal type, made of heat-resistant cast iron. Its design and operational advantages include:

1. automatic ignition using a heating element;
2. mechanical removal of ash residue after fuel combustion;
3. forced combustion air supply, which ensures complete combustion;
4. long service life due to the use of heat-resistant materials of great thickness;
5. the ability to effectively burn various types of granular and other crushed dry fuels.

The automated operation of the combustion air fan increases the pressure of the flue gases inside the firebox and improves the draft in the chimney.

Summarizing the above about the burner, it must be said that it is not unique in design and corresponds to many analogues used in popular brands of boilers in Europe. It is worth noting that such a tray-type device for burning pellets and biomass is very practical among all the solutions offered on the market.

Automation and Security

Boilers of the PELLET series are equipped with automatic equipment produced by the Polish-German microelectronics plant, which produces almost all automatic equipment for boilers manufactured in Europe. Basic kit automatic control provides:

• timely rotation of the augers to supply granules;
• coolant temperature control;
• regulation of the amount of combustion air supplied;
• control of air temperature and required power level;
• control of the heating system circulation pump;
• regulation of hot water temperature in an indirect heating boiler or other indirect heat exchangers.

Additionally, each boiler in this series can be equipped with a control device via the Internet or sending SMS messages. If necessary, a room thermostat can be installed with the ability to regulate the temperature in the room. Safe Operation ensured by installing a safety relief valve and an emergency thermostat.

Recommendations for the use of PELLET boiler systems in heating systems

Pellet boilers can be considered as alternative sources thermal energy, capable of providing cost-effective heat supply to replace the installed gas equipment. They are operated in completely autonomous mode or with parallel connection with already installed gas equipment. To use solid fuel devices, it is necessary to provide a separate fireproof and well-ventilated room.

Boilers Pyrolysis Master PELLET 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50

This group of boilers is designed to provide heat in heating systems of individual residential buildings with a total area of ​​up to 500 m2. The presence of a basic fuel bunker will ensure efficient combustion of pellets throughout the day without additional loading. At the customer's request, it is possible to equip it with a larger volume bunker, which will increase the time between periodic loadings.

To ensure normal operating conditions, two premises are required:

• furnace or boiler room in which the boiler, fuel bunker, circulation pump and other necessary equipment;
• fireproof ventilated warehouse for storing fuel reserves.

The chimney can be free-standing or built-in (attached) to building construction building.

The level of equipment automation allows you to operate the boiler with minimal human intervention. You just fall asleep in the fuel bunker required amount pellets, set the desired coolant temperature on the automatic controller and that’s it - the automation independently ignites the pellets, puts the boiler into operating mode and maintains the temperature you set. If you add pellets to the bunker in a timely manner, the process battery life the boiler will last until the end of the heating season.

Boilers PELLET 60, 80, 100, 120 and 160

A group of boilers with a thermal power of 60-160 kW is intended for heating public, office, industrial, commercial and other buildings with a total area of ​​600-1600 m2.

Perhaps this is the most economical group of boilers, which is for the commercial sector strong argument when choosing a boiler model. At high power, Pyrolysis Master boilers with high efficiency (92%) give noticeable savings fuel, and in monetary terms this is 10-20% less than the cost of purchasing pellets. Not to mention the opportunity to purchase the cheapest ones - any will burn. It should be noted that fuel costs are approximate and taken in comparison with boilers that have a less developed heat exchanger.

Boilers PELLET 200, 250, 320, 400 and 500

This group of the most powerful boiler equipment with a capacity of 200-500 kW is intended for operation as part of heating systems for buildings with a total area of ​​2000 m2 and the ability to operate in cascades, which will allow heating any given area. Installation can only be carried out on the basis of agreed design solutions and by specialized installation organizations with the appropriate SRO approvals.

To store the necessary fuel reserves, a separate well-ventilated room should be provided. A solid fuel boiler installation can be placed in the same combustion chamber together with gas or other types of boilers. In this case, the use of a single group of circulation pumps is allowed.

Unlike gas equipment, pellet solid fuel boilers allowed to be installed in rooms where the floor level is below ground level.

The operation of pellet plants of this capacity group involves organizing the transportation of pellets to an operational bunker through automated transport systems. The manufacturer is ready to offer large bunkers for main storage with screw conveyors into the operational bunker of the boiler.

Loading pellets into a complete fuel bunker can provide stable heating throughout the day at maximum load. At the request of the customer, the installation can be equipped with a hopper of increased volume up to 5000 or 10000 liters, which will significantly increase the pause time between periodic loadings.

Conclusion

It is rightfully believed that European pellet boilers are best in class heating equipment. Although, in Lately Several competitive Russian models have appeared; the domestic manufacturer is not yet able to create a boiler that will be identical in its parameters to the same “Germans” or “Czechs”.

European manufacturers of pellet boilers

Solid fuel pellet boilers from Europe, available to domestic consumers for more than 10 years recent years. During this time, manufacturers have studied well Russian market and began to offer equipment more adapted to operating conditions and customer wishes.

European pellet heating boilers have the following parameters:

1. Economical.
2. Reliability.
3. Minimal harmful emissions into the atmosphere when burning fuel.
4. Automation of the combustion process.
5. Long service life.

The largest foreign manufacturers of pellet equipment are located in Germany, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Finland. Below is a description of the most popular brands.

German pellet boilers

The leading manufacturers of pellet boilers in Germany are Buderus and Viessmann. The company's factories produce a wide range of water heating equipment and components necessary for the installation of heating systems. On this moment, products from German manufacturers have no competition in terms of quality and reliability:


German pellet boilers are distinguished by traditional build quality, reliability and full compliance specified in technical documentation parameters. All products are covered by a factory warranty.

Italian pellet boilers

Italian pellet boilers are somewhat inferior in performance and reliability to their German counterparts. They stand out due to the versatility of the equipment offered. The most popular products are from the following companies:


Italian manufacturers produce autonomous boilers on pellets, designed for simultaneous heating of heating and hot water systems, controlled by intelligent automation, operating on almost any type of fuel.

Polish pellet boilers

Boilers manufactured in Poland are presented in the lowest price segment. At the same time, the manufactured equipment is reliable and productive. The two most popular brands of equipment are Defro and Kostrzewa:

Polish pellet boilers have earned a reputation as reliable and unpretentious equipment with high degree automation and control.

Positive reviews about Polish boilers are gradually bringing Kostrzewa and Defro products into the class of the most popular pellet equipment.

Czech pellet boilers

Among the range of products of Czech manufacturers, boilers manufactured at the OPOP and Benekov factories stand out. In terms of performance, reliability and cost, the equipment is similar to German units:


The Czechs produce economical pellet boilers, characterized by a well-thought-out design and the absence of all unnecessary things. In the summer, models are capable of heating hot water.

Austrian pellet boiler

There are not so many Austrian companies producing pellet boilers, but they all enjoy constant popularity due to the high efficiency of the equipment offered. The low costs of pellets, together with high heat transfer, have made it possible to bring the cost of heating using pellets very close to that of mains gas:


Despite the initial costs, it is profitable to purchase Austrian heating equipment due to the economical costs of pellets during operation. All overpayments will be fully recouped over several years of service.

Finnish pellet boilers

Finnish pellet fuel boilers are not as familiar to domestic consumers as Italian and German units. Manufacturers from Finland are mainly associated with stove equipment for saunas, and solid fuel boilers for domestic and industrial purposes:

Finland produces “no frills” equipment designed for domestic operating conditions, productive and reliable.

Pricing policy for pellet boilers from Europe

The main disadvantage that distinguishes imported pellet boilers has always been their high cost. Compared to domestic units with similar characteristics, the price is often 2-3 times higher. average cost for boilers is as follows:

• Pellet boilers from Finland for 30 kW will cost 360 thousand rubles. However, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account that the design does not provide for an automation system, remote control and other additional options.
• German pellet heating boilers long burning- behind full automation combustion process, self-cleaning system and others functionality, you will have to pay up to 500 thousand rubles. (30 kW boiler Buderus).
• Polish-made pellet boilers - a fully autonomous 25 kW thermal station produced by Kostrzewa, will cost approximately 280-300 thousand rubles. The price is given taking into account the simultaneous purchase of the Fuzzy Logic 2 logic control system.
• Czech-made pellet boilers are offered for approximately 320 thousand rubles. taking into account the usual configuration. Additionally, you will need to purchase a silo to increase battery life, a controller for remote control, etc.
• Pellet boilers from Austria - price guide from 280-320 thousand rubles. depending on the manufacturer and basic configuration. It is possible to connect a built-in tank for heating hot water (purchased separately).

The most low prices for boilers, traditionally offered by Polish manufacturers. For 280-300 thousand rubles. you can buy a fully equipped, automated and ready-to-use station.

German units will cost the most. Moreover, the cost is higher than the average price level, by 150-200 thousand rubles. than other analogues.

Another country that pampers its domestic consumer with “cheap” products is Italy. Pellet boilers, the same FACI, 30 kW will cost only 200 thousand rubles.

Are “Europeans” demanding of pellet quality?

The operating instructions directly state that wood pellets for heating boilers must meet the following requirements:

1. Wood origin.
2. First class.
3. The maximum percentage of ash content is not higher than 2-3%.
4. White color.

Industrial and vegetable pellets burn poorly and leave a large amount of soot. European boilers quickly fail because they are not designed for this type fuel.

If you plan to use low-quality pellets, it is better to choose heating equipment adapted to Russian conditions. Finnish units, as well as domestic analogues, are suitable.

Manufacturers reserve the right to refuse warranty service if it is proven that the boiler was fired with low-grade pellets.

Which pellet boiler is better, ours or imported one?

Why are imported pellet boilers better than analogues offered by domestic manufacturers?

• Automation of the combustion process - unfortunately, Russian manufacturers, there are often defects that affect the operation of the equipment. If we take similar units from the same “Germans”, the boilers work without failures.
• Thermal efficiency - fuel consumption in imported pellet boilers is 10-15% less than Russian analogues. In some models, savings are even greater through the use of modulating burners and condensing units.
• Fuel quality – in this regard, domestic units, which are distinguished by their “omnivorous” nature, benefit from this.
• Cost - European models of “Western” assembly are 2-3 times more expensive than Russian products. The exception is Italian FACI, collected on the territory of the Russian Federation. The cost of such units is no higher than that of Russian heat generators.

European manufacturers offer truly high-quality products with a high degree of automation, but at a high cost. In terms of thermal characteristics, the boilers have almost no equal among their Russian counterparts.

There are a great many types of thermal boilers. To potential buyers at least tell us about them right away general idea, the main “watershed” in the classification of units was made by their creators according to the type of fuel used.

However, inside gas, diesel, electric (so far everything seems simple and clear), etc. boilers also have their own narrower subsections, related to other operating features, for example, the method of loading fuel, the physical and chemical characteristics of combustion. And here it’s quite difficult to do without explanations from specialists.

In this material we will talk about what pyrolysis boilers are, which attract people with their unusually high efficiency, and what they are fundamental difference from pellet boilers, which, not having such a fantastic coefficient, for some reason cost an order of magnitude more.

Let us immediately note that both of these types of boilers operate on solid fuel. However, this is where their “kinship” ends. And the “firewood” units consume different ones, and the “method of nutrition”, i.e. Their fuel loading is different, but their main difference is in the principle of heat generation.

So, let’s figure out what happens in the “wombs” of both modifications of thermal units.

Features of the operation of pyrolysis boilers

Pyrolysis boiler (another name is gas generator boiler)- a thermal unit of the so-called “long-term combustion”, in which fuel is burned according to the principle of pyrolysis - the decomposition of organic matter with a lack of oxygen. In this case, the firewood itself and the gases released during its combustion burn in two separate chambers - virtually independently of each other.

IN pyrolysis boilers they are located like two floors in a house, only a ceramic nozzle acts as a ceiling. The firewood burns in the upper compartment, from where the smoke exhauster pumps out air. At the same time, a gigantic temperature is pumped up (up to 800°C and above). Such conditions contribute to the fact that the wood does not actually burn, but very slowly chars with the release of large quantity wood gas. This is the process of pyrolysis.

Volatile substances released (mainly hydrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) using a blower fan installed inside the boiler, they enter the lower chamber through a nozzle. There, oxygen is mixed with the released gases, due to which all these substances burn with maximum heat release. Its vapors rise again to the “top floor”, supporting pyrolysis and providing significant heat transfer. Hence the impressive efficiency - up to 92%, and other undoubted advantages.

Advantages of the pyrolysis principle of operation of a thermal boiler

. Hygienic cleanliness - minimum ash in the combustion chamber and soot in the heat exchanger and chimney ;

. The amount of substances hazardous to health contained in the smoke is sharply reduced compared to “classical” solid fuel boilers ;

. Long burning time of one bookmark, the interval between them can be up to 16 hours .

How will pellet boilers respond?

As the name suggests, such heating units operate on pellets, that is, compact pellets of cylindrical wood (usually) in shape.

The principle of fuel combustion is direct combustion, as in a regular fire or fireplace. Wood pellets are burned on a special burner in a separate chamber.

Pellet boilers compare favorably with pyrolysis boilers extremely in a convenient way fuel supply. The bulk of this sometimes unsafe work for humans is performed by automation. The owner of the boiler only pours portions of pellets into a special storage - a bunker connected to the boiler. Next, a screw conveyor comes into play, which delivers it from the tank to the combustion chamber. required quantity fuel pellets.

Bins for pellet boilers vary greatly in their capacity. So, the owner of a storage facility with a volume of 12 cubic meters (that’s approximately 8 tons of pellets!) can make one maximum fill and not “bother” with this issue throughout the entire heating season! But such “hangars”, together with automation, significantly add to the price of all equipment, so the choice, as always, is yours - huge “pyrolysis” efficiency or pellet “autocomfort”.

Based on the type of fuel used, solid fuel boilers can be divided into wood burning(mainly intended for working with wood, wood waste, wood briquettes), pellet(using pressed wood waste pellets) and universal, for which the main fuel is coal, but you can also load firewood, wood briquettes and peat briquettes.

In addition, separate models of solid fuel top combustion devices, in which you can burn any listed species solid fuel. Such boilers are equipped with three types of air distribution nozzles on a telescopic pipe for supplying air to the combustion zone for three groups of fuel (coal, firewood/briquettes, pellets), as well as a spark deflector to maintain more efficient combustion. Modern models equipped with a programmer that facilitates control of the combustion process. Naturally, similar models are more expensive than traditional devices.

Read also: Principles for selecting and installing a gas boiler

When using a solid fuel boiler, it is important strictly adhere to fuel requirements for a specific model. For example, if the device is intended for burning wood, then it is necessary to use hard non-coniferous logs with a moisture content of up to 20%. Application of wood with high humidity leads to underheating of the coolant during operation, to a reduction in the service life of the boiler as a whole, as well as to an increase in the amount of soot and condensate in the smoke, which causes faster clogging of the chimney. If we are talking about pellets, then their moisture content should not exceed 10%.

Average fuel consumption when using a solid fuel boiler in a cottage with an area of ​​100-200 m² it will be about 3-5 kg/h. If you use a storage container, you will need approximately 12-15 kg per day (in the coldest time - up to 20 kg).

Combustion chamber type

IN standard solid fuel boiler a fuel combustion process occurs, which is similar in principle to the operation of a conventional stove, where combustion is ensured by the natural flow of air. In this case, the resulting energy is spent on heating the coolant, distributed through the pipes leading to the radiators. In some cases, the boiler may be equipped with a fan to create additional draft, which increases combustion efficiency. The maximum operating time on one load of fuel in standard solid fuel boilers is 6-8 hours, so you will have to add fuel to the combustion chamber several times a day.

Unlike traditional pyrolysis solid fuel devices The chamber is divided into two parts. In one of them, called the gasification or loading chamber, fuel burns slowly at high temperature and lack of oxygen. As a result, wood gas is released, which burns out in the second chamber (combustion chamber) located below. With such combustion, almost no soot is formed and a minimal amount of ash appears. Wood gas burns with a very clean flame of yellow or almost white. These devices have greater efficiency (up to 85%) and allow automatic power control. The maximum combustion time of one load here is 8-12 hours, which, combined with a heat accumulator, allows you to reduce the frequency of fuel loading to 1-2 times a day. The disadvantages include not only the higher price compared to traditional solid fuel boilers, but also the need to use only dry firewood.

Read also: Boiler from an outlet. Electric heating is an effective alternative to gas

Boilers that allow minimizing the number of loads imply top combustion. This occurs due to the fact that air is supplied to the high vertical combustion chamber using a telescopic pipe at the top of the chamber. At the end of the pipe there is a distributor, which may have different shapes For different types fuel. Under the influence of gravity during fuel combustion, the distributor moves down, providing constant influx air. In this case, the flame source gradually moves from top to bottom, thereby reducing the metal fatigue factor and extending the service life of the device. When using top-burning boilers, fuel is loaded every 12-70 hours. The duration of combustion here increases both due to the large capacity of the loading firebox, and due to the fact that not the entire volume of fuel burns, but only the upper 15-20 cm - the rest dries out and waits its turn.

Pellet solid fuel boilers usually represent a system of three components: the boiler itself with a burner, a screw feeder and a separate hopper with pellets. A burner for burning pellets is installed on the boiler body, which is located in the combustion chamber and to which fuel is supplied by an external screw. The operation of the auger is controlled by a photosensor built into the burner, which monitors the filling of the hopper with granules. After filling, the external auger turns off, and the internal one transports the fuel to the combustion grate, where it is ignited using electric spiral. A fan is installed under the burner to supply air to the combustion zone. The operation process of the unit is automated and controlled using a control panel, on which the necessary settings are set, including the required temperature, the daily cycle of the boiler, its switching on and off. For safe work An automatic valve is provided that breaks the electrical circuit when the equipment overheats. Pellet boilers are easy to use; loading frequency depends on the size of the bunker and in most cases is done once every few days.

The problem of reducing heating costs today comes first for many categories of citizens. It especially affected owners of private houses with individual heating systems, sewerage and water supply. Very often, pellet heating boilers are a smart solution to reduce costs.

Pellet boiler Ekoret from VIADRUS with a fuel hopper

Boilers of this type have only recently become widespread in Russian homes, but due to their low price, cheap fuel and ease of maintenance, they are increasingly being installed for space heating. Below we will consider the design features and the principle on which pellet boilers operate. Customer reviews given in the article will help you evaluate the pros and cons of purchasing a pyrolysis boiler using pellets.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the decomposition of organic compounds at high temperatures. With the access of oxygen, the pyrolysis process turns into normal combustion. If the access of oxygen is limited, then the hydrocarbon fuel will decompose into low molecular weight flammable compounds and slag. In the case of wood pyrolysis, a mixture of gases is formed methyl alcohol, acetone, benzene and a small amount of other flammable substances and almost pure carbon with impurities of metal oxides.

More recently, it was widely used as a fuel. charcoal- fuel that is obtained by burning wood without access to air in coal pits. This traditional type leads to significant losses of thermal energy during primary combustion. A modern solid fuel pellet boiler is free of this drawback and is able to fully utilize thermal energy, which is formed during the pyrolysis of wood. Therefore, such a device is also called a gas generator.

Operating principle of a pellet boiler

Long-burning pellet boilers consist of three separate mechanisms:

• directly to the boiler with the burner;
• conveyor for feeding granules;

A pellet boiler operates as follows:

1. pellets are loaded into a fuel bunker;
2. pellets are supplied to the boiler by a screw conveyor;
3. In the boiler furnace, the pellets burn and heat the coolant.

Boilers for heating using pellets use the “top-down” principle of fuel combustion. In this case, combustion is much slower than in a conventional firebox, where the fuel burns “from bottom to top” and circulating heated gas flows involve layers of fuel that are higher in the process. Structurally, this can be solved as follows.

In the firebox itself there is a burner with a nozzle for supplying heated air directly to the combustion zone. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to control the rate of fuel combustion, moving the fire zone gradually downward. The supply of heated air makes it possible to burn fuel in the most complete way. In this case, ash and soot are formed in minimum quantity, and the efficiency (efficiency factor) of boilers operating on pellets increases to 96%.

This operating mechanism ensures gradual combustion of the fuel. Long-burning boilers using pellets can operate on one load for more than a day, which makes this equipment quite convenient for use at home. In addition, the presence of a fuel bunker in the equipment design makes it possible to automate the operation of heating equipment as much as possible.

Design and internal arrangement

The boilers are not similar in design to the general scheme according to which all solid fuel boilers are manufactured. However, they have some peculiarities. For example, the size of the firebox in these models is much smaller, since their heat exchanger heats up not so much due to open flame, how much due to hot air in convection channels. This allows for more complete use of thermal energy. The exhaust gas temperature in equipment of this design usually does not exceed 150 degrees Celsius.

The firebox of a pyrolysis boiler using pellets is designed to allow control of the air supply into it. The presence of a fuel bunker allows you to control the supply of pellets into it with the ability to adjust the combustion speed and temperature. Due to this, it is possible to regulate the heating temperature of the coolant in the system. Structurally, this is solved by installing a screw conveyor, which directly supplies fuel.

For the manufacture of pellet heating boilers, high-strength steel alloys are most often used. The firebox and heat exchanger are made of corrosion-resistant cast iron. It should be noted that the service life of cast iron boilers can reach 45 years, which is much longer than the performance of equipment made of steel.
Pellet granules are ignited using a special electric heating element. A fan blows air into the firebox. After the equipment enters operating mode, the electrical circuit is switched off. Thus, pellet boilers consume very little electricity.

Automatic operation

Modern models of long-burning pellet boilers are necessarily equipped with automatic equipment, which supplies pellets into the firebox according to a specific program, and also turns the burner on and off to save fuel consumption and maintain a given temperature regime, which may change during the day. The control panel is located on the boiler itself or on the remote control.

A medium-sized 25-kilowatt pellet boiler, whose fuel consumption is approximately 5 kg of fuel per day, is equipped with a hopper with a capacity of 250 to 350 liters. Thus, continuous fully automatic operation of the equipment can be carried out for at least three days. With the installation of an external bunker, this time can be further increased.

External bunker design

Due to the fact that pellets are supplied to the boiler in doses, the burner does not overheat and all equipment can be turned off remotely by stopping the fuel supply. In this case, the boiler will automatically stop working after a few minutes, when the loaded dose of pellet granules has completely burned.

Equipment cost and customer reviews

In general, the price of solid fuel boilers is not the most strong place this equipment. The fact is that boilers running on pellets are significantly more expensive, for example, than gas equipment of the same power. However, significant operating savings due to the availability and low cost of fuel ensure its high demand.
If we talk about the price level, we can provide the following data. Pellet boiler Zota ( Russian production) with a power of 15 kW costs approximately 150 thousand rubles. The price of the most powerful one (with a power of 100 kW) is about 350 thousand rubles. The owners of these boilers note that the cost of one kW of thermal energy costs no more than 1 ruble. (subject to the purchase of fuel at a price of up to 4.00 rubles/kg).

A Grandeg pellet boiler (manufactured in Latvia) with a power of 25 kW is sold for an average of 250 thousand rubles. A 100-kilowatt boiler from the same manufacturer will cost 500 thousand.

If we analyze the reviews of the owners of this equipment, we can note that they all confirm the significant efficiency of heating equipment of this type and ease of use. Pellet boiler room in one heating season will save tens of thousands of rubles on fuel alone.

In addition, pellet heating boilers are characterized by quiet operation and ergonomic design.
Some owners complain that this equipment needs to be connected to an electrical outlet to operate. However, such devices consume very little electricity.

The price for pellets is about 5,500 rubles per ton, i.e. one kilogram costs about 5-6 rubles on average. If necessary, you can set up pellet production by purchasing the necessary equipment or making it yourself.

The video below shows how a pellet boiler works.