Product output per worker. Production - what is it? Output as an indicator of labor productivity

Index Plan Fact Deviation from plan
absolute % to plan
Output of commercial products in value terms, thousand rubles. (VP) 1,50
Number of employees, people (H) -10 -0,82
Number of workers, people (Cr) -10 -1,01
Share of workers, (D) 81,41 81,26 -0,15 -0,19
Hours worked by all workers, thousand hours (th) -26 -1,45
Hours worked by one worker, thousand hours (thr) 1,808 1,800 -0,008 -0,45
Average annual output per worker, thousand rubles. (IN) 518,68 530,85 12,17 2,35
Average annual output per worker, thousand rubles. (Vr) 637,091 653,28 16,18 2,54
Average hourly output, rub. (HF)¢ 352,36 362,93 10,57

Table 6.8 shows the calculation of the influence of factors on average annual output.

Table 6.8

Calculation of the influence of factors on the average annual output of a worker

Fund analysis wages

The analysis of the use of the wage fund begins with the calculation of the absolute and relative deviation of its actual value from the planned one.

The absolute deviation (ΔFZP a) is determined by comparing the funds actually used for wages (FWF f) with the planned wage fund (FWF pl) for the enterprise as a whole, production division and categories of workers:

∆FZP a = FZP f - FZP pl

However, the absolute deviation is calculated without taking into account the degree of implementation of the production plan. Calculating the relative deviation of the wage fund (∆FZP from):



∆FZP from = FZP F – (FZP per.pl ∙ K pp + FZP constant.pl),

where FZP f is the actual wage fund,

FZP per.pl – variable part of the wage fund,

Kpp – coefficient of fulfillment of the production plan

FZP permanent payroll is a permanent part of the wage fund.

The constant part of wages (FZP post) does not change with an increase or decrease in production volume - this is the wages of workers at tariff rates, the wages of employees at salaries, all types of additional payments, wages for workers in non-industrial production and the corresponding amount of vacation pay.

The variable part of the wage fund is influenced by the following factors:

1. Volume of production.

2. Structure of production.

4. Specific labor intensity of products (UTE i).

5. Level of wages per 1 person-hour (OT i).

FZP per = ∑VVP i * UD i * UZP i * UTE i * FROM i

Factor model of the constant part of the wage fund:

FZP p = Ch * D * t * ChZP,

where H is the average number of employees;

D – the number of days worked by one worker on average per year;

t – average shift duration;

NWP is the average hourly salary of one employee.

During the analysis process, it is also necessary to establish the efficiency of using the wage fund. The change in the average earnings of workers over the period is characterized by its index (J ZP):

J ZP = average salary for the reporting period/ Average salary for the base period.

The change in average annual revenue is determined similarly based on the labor productivity index (J PT):

J PT = Average output of the reporting period / Average output of the base period.

The growth rate of labor productivity should outpace the growth rate of average wages. To do this, the advance coefficient K OP is calculated:

Then the amount of savings (overexpenditure) (E) of the wage fund is calculated in connection with the change in the ratio between the growth rate of labor productivity and its payment:

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2. Production rate
3. Development of a solution
4. Product development
5. Formula development
6. Average annual output
7. Labor production
8. Average output
9. Setting goals
10. Calculation of output
11. Production of hours
12. Production methods
13. Strategy development
14. Output volume
15. Production analysis
16. Development of state policy
17. Production characteristics
18. Determination of output
19. Production accounting
20. Types of development
21. Output level
22. Production growth
23. Actual output

Output is measured by the amount of products produced per unit of working time or per 1 average employee or worker per year (quarter, month). This is a more common and universal indicator of labor productivity.

There are three ways to determine output: natural, cost (currency) and labor.

Output in physical or value terms is determined by the formula:

Output = Volume of marketable (gross or sold) products: Average number of employees (or workers)

A more clear and impartial characterization of labor productivity is the output indicator in in kind- in tons, meters, pieces and others in physical terms. The advantage of this method is that it gives a clearer and more impartial summary of labor productivity. The disadvantage of this method is that it can only be used in those enterprises that produce homogeneous products. In addition, the output calculated using this method does not allow us to compare the labor productivity of companies in different industries.

The most widely used method is the cost method for determining output. In currency terms, output can be calculated both on the basis of marketable and gross production, and on the standard net product.

Output in value terms, calculated on the basis of commercial or gross output, depends not only on the results of the work of a given team, but also on the price of the raw materials and materials used, the volume of cooperation in supplies, etc. This shortcoming is eliminated when calculating output on the basis of standard pure products.

In a number of industries (clothing, canning, etc.), labor productivity is determined by standard processing prices. It contains cost standards for the basic salary with accruals, general business and general production expenses (according to standards).

The characteristics of output depend not only on the method of measuring production volume, but also on the unit of measurement of working time. Output can be determined per one worked man-hour (hourly output), per one worked man-day (daily output) or per 1 average employee per year, quarter or month (annual, quarterly or monthly output). At Russian enterprises, the main indicator is annual output, in a number of foreign countries - hourly output.

Labor method determination of output is also called the method of standardized working time. In all this, production is determined in standard hours. This method It is used to a greater extent in individual workplaces, in teams, in sections, and also in workshops when producing heterogeneous and unfinished products.

The advantage of the labor cost indicator is that it allows one to judge the effectiveness of living labor costs at various stages of production of a certain type of product, not only for the enterprise as a whole, but also in the workshop, on the site, in the workplace, i.e. to penetrate into the depth of execution one or another type of work, which cannot be done using an output indicator calculated in monetary terms.

The labor method allows you to plan and take into account labor productivity at all stages of the production process, link and compare labor costs individual sections (shops) and workplaces with indicators of labor productivity for the enterprise as a whole, as well as the levels of labor costs for various enterprises in the production of similar products.

Production rate

Production rate, the number of units of product (or work) that must be done (performed) per unit of time (hour, work shift, month) in certain organizational and technical criteria by one or a group of workers of appropriate qualifications. N.v. Depending on the type of work, it can be expressed in pieces, units of length, area, volume or weight.

Determined by the formula:

Nv = Tr x h: Tn,
where Nb is the production rate; Tr - the duration of the period for which the production rate is established (in hours, minutes); h - the number of workers taking a role in performing the work; Tn - standard time for this work or one product (in man-hours, man-minutes).

In the USSR N. century. They are usually installed in mass and large-scale production, when during the entire shift one job is performed with a constant number of performers. Most Applications N.v. received in the coal, metallurgical, chemical, food industries, in areas of mass production in mechanical engineering.

N.v. must be justified at a technical level. When establishing them, the introduction of the latest achievements of technology, technology and advanced production experience is provided. This makes it possible to ensure a progressive level of N. century. Establishment at the technical level of justified N. century. guides socialist enterprises and individual workers to achieve higher than average actual labor productivity.

The production rate is a fundamental indicator, the basis for planned enterprise management. It determines the number of units of production (or the number of operations performed) that must be done (or completed) per unit of time. The calculation of the production rate is done for 1 or a group of workers with appropriate qualifications, with rational or more optimal use equipment, taking into account the progressive methods of work used in all this.

For mass and large-scale production, characterized by accounting for the labor of special workers engaged in preliminary and final work, the standard time for producing a unit of product is equal to the standard piece-calculation time. For piece, serial and small-scale production, when the same worker does the main, preliminary and final work, these time standards will be different.

When calculating the production rate, which expresses the desired result of workers’ activities, we use natural characteristics: pieces, meters, kilograms. The production rate (Nvyr) is the personal division of the duration of one work shift (Wcm) by the time spent on producing a unit of product (Wsht).

For mass production, the production rate will be equal to:

Nvyr = Vcm / Vsht.

If the production is serial or single, then the value Vshtk is used as a divisor in the above formula - the time standard determined by the calculation method when calculating the cost of a unit of production.

In this case, the production rate is calculated using the formula:

Nvyr = Vcm / Vshtk.

In those industries where the preliminary step is calculated and standardized separately for each work shift, the production rate should be calculated using the formula:

Nvyr = (Vcm – Vpz)/ Tcm, where Vpz is the time spent on preparatory and final work.

The formula for calculating the production rate in cases of using automatic and instrumental equipment will be slightly different:

Nvyr = No*Nvm, where No is the maintenance rate, Nvm is the equipment production rate, which is equal to:

Nvm = Nvm theory * Kpv. Here Nvm theor is the theoretical production rate of the equipment used, Kpv is the coefficient of useful labor time per shift.

In the case of using repetitive hardware processes, the production rate is equal to:

Nvyr = (Vsm – Vob – V ex) * VP * No/Vop, where Vob is the time spent on servicing the equipment, Votl is the standard time for personal needs of personnel, VP is the products produced in one period, Vot is the duration of this period .

P = S / Nvyr, or
P = Vsht * C, where C is the rate for this category of work.

Developing a solution

In modern terms management It is becoming more and more natural that the existing management system does not meet the needs of the enterprise as operating system. The existing vertical connections have not yet been completely replaced by horizontal ones, on which, in fact, the Western system of adoption is based management decisions. Currently, Russian enterprises in the management system do not use the principles of organizing effective management, so increasing the efficiency of management decision-making in modern economic conditions is a burning and timely topic.

In order to increase the efficiency of the management system at an enterprise, two tasks need to be considered:

1. Justification of the need to create within the enterprise as an operating system a criterion for increasing the “creativity” of not only low and middle level managers, but also ordinary employees by providing them with some capabilities in the decision-making process. Their proposals for improving the system as a whole and other decisions on individual production, monetary and management issues can become the basis for the operating strategy developed by the enterprise.
2. Efficiency decisions taken it is unrealistic to evaluate without introducing mathematical tools and software.

One of the ways of decision making is the development of decisions in the “man-machine” dialogue, which is a repeated alternation of heuristic (performed by a person) and formalized (performed by a computer) steps.

In the process of the “man-machine” dialogue, solutions are jointly constructed during the configuration of the production situation (a method of sequential optimization) with the gradual introduction of essential facts, i.e., the solution method is not established in advance, but in the process of calculation on a computer.

IN modern systems Decision support (DSS) provides an effective connection (symbiosis) between a person and a computer, which involves the introduction of stronger properties of each participant in this process.

Expert systems are the software basis of DSS.

An expert system is a program aimed at solving poorly formalized problems in certain subject areas at the level of expert specialists.

When operating expert systems:

Guesses are put forward and tested;
- new data and knowledge are generated;
- requests for entering new data are generated;
- conclusions and advice are formed.

Poorly formalized problems have the following features:

Cannot be specified solely in numerical form;
- goals cannot be represented in the definitions of a precisely defined motivated function;
- does not exist exact method problem solving;
- the initial data is incomplete and diverse.

The knowledge base stores so-called rules, which are understood as logical and algorithmic expressions (operations).

An inference engine is a program that forms a sequence of logical and computational operations into a method on the basis of which the result is obtained.

The clarification subsystem forms a route, i.e. a method in the form of a set of rules that allows the decision maker to understand how the result was obtained.

The knowledge acquisition subsystem provides dialogue with professionals, selection and formalization of knowledge.

The subsystem for interaction with the object may be missing, as well as the object itself.

There are various forms of communication between the decision maker and the ES:

Introduction of tabular language.
- Dialogue in the form of a menu.
- Dialogue in natural language.

The last form of communication involves highest level ES is still rare.

To use natural language, you need a rather complicated analyzer program that does the following functions:

Lexical analysis;
- parsing;
- semantic analysis.

In modern ES, communication with the decision maker is carried out using tabular language (statement of the problem) and menus (clarification of the problem during its implementation).

The effective implementation of the “man-machine” dialogue implies the fulfillment of the following criteria:

Ease of communication (person access to the machine);
- a person’s mental readiness to communicate with a computer;
- sufficient level of machine intelligence.

It is also impossible to evaluate the effectiveness of decisions made without introducing mathematical tools and software.

For example, decision tree analysis. Currently, there are several programs that make it possible not only to construct a decision tree, but also to analyze it.

Decision trees are a graphical tool for analyzing decisions in risk criteria. The hierarchical structure of the “classification tree” is one of its more fundamental parameters. The “tree trunk” is a problem or situation that requires a solution. The “top of the tree” are the goals or values ​​that govern the decision maker.

Decision trees are created for use in models in which a sequence of decisions are made, each of which leads to a certain result. The decision tree determines the best strategy - a sequence of decisions that should be made when certain random events occur. In the process of constructing and analyzing production, financial and management situations, the stages of specifically creating the structure of the model, determining the probability values ​​of probable output results, determining the utility values ​​of probable output results and evaluating alternatives, as well as choosing a strategy, are distinguished. At the same time, it must be emphasized that the more fundamental step in the implementation process is decision tree analysis, specifically the final step of evaluating alternatives. It is important to realize that decision analysis does not imply a 100% impartial analysis of decision-making models. Many nuances of decision analysis require personal judgment - this relates to the structure of the model, the determination of probability values ​​and utilities. Almost all complex models that reflect real-world situations simply do not have enough empirical data to fully analyze them. But practice indicates that even in such cases, analysis using decision trees brings undeniable benefits.

Product development

An indicator that determines the amount of products produced per unit of time is called output. Output characterizes the effectiveness of labor. Natural (t, m, m3, pcs., etc.) and cost characteristics are used as measures of the quantity of products produced.

Varieties of product production characteristics:

I. Depending on the level of the economic system for which the indicator is calculated, production is distinguished:
- personal (personal output of individual workers);
- local (production at the level of a workshop, enterprise, industry);
- public (at the level National economy generally); it is determined by dividing the state income produced for any period by the number of people employed in material production.

II. Depending on the unit of measurement of working time, the characteristics of hourly, daily and monthly (quarterly, annual) output are used. These characteristics make it possible to assess labor productivity, taking into account the nature of the use of working time.

Labor productivity is characterized as one of basic indicators, reflecting the real performance of the company’s personnel.

Being a relative indicator, labor productivity allows you to compare the effectiveness of different groups of employees in production process and plan numerical values ​​for subsequent periods.

Labor productivity concept

Labor productivity characterizes the effectiveness of labor costs per unit of time. For example, it shows how many products a worker will produce in an hour.

At an enterprise, productivity is determined through two basic indicators:

  • production;
  • labor intensity.

They are the most appropriate when assessing the degree of efficiency of labor costs per unit of time. Increased productivity leads to increased production and wage savings.

Calculation algorithm

In essence, labor productivity reflects the ratio of the volume of goods produced and/or sold to the number of employees.

Indicators of the number of employees are based on data payroll. Each employee is counted only once per working day.

Labor costs and time spent on the production of products are also taken into account in the reporting documentation.

Indicators

Indicators of labor productivity at an enterprise include output, labor intensity and labor productivity index.

Output(B) determines the volume of production per unit of paid working time by one payroll employee. The indicator can be found depending on two factors - time spent and the average number of employees.

B=Q/T.

V=Q/H.

Labor intensity(Tr) expresses the amount of labor required by one worker to produce a unit of product. The labor intensity indicator is the inverse of the output indicator.

Calculation depending on the time spent:

Tr=T/Q.

Calculation depending on the average number of personnel:

Tr=H/Q

  • B – output;
  • Tr – labor intensity;
  • Q – production volume in natural units (pieces);
  • T – the cost of paid working time for the production of this product;
  • H – average number of personnel.

There are more detailed method performance calculation:

PT = (Q*(1 – K p)) / (T 1 *H),

  • where PT is labor productivity;
  • K p – downtime ratio;
  • T 1 – employee labor costs.

If it is necessary to calculate the labor productivity of one employee, then the value of the average number of employees will be equal to one. Annual output per employee not only characterizes the performance of an individual, but also allows you to draw up a plan for the next period.

When calculating output, hours worked do not include downtime.

The volume of products sold can be expressed in any units - pieces, monetary or labor units.

Formula for calculating labor productivity

Based on the calculation of performance indicators of employees at the enterprise, it is calculated labor productivity index.

This indicator reflects the rate of productivity growth and is found as follows:

by production: ΔPT= [(V o - V b)/V b ]*100%

by labor intensity: ΔPT=[(Tr o - Tr b)/Tr b ]*100%

  • where В о – production output in the reporting period;
  • B – production output in the base period;
  • T r o – labor intensity of products in the reporting period;
  • Тр b – labor intensity of products in the base period;
  • PT - labor productivity index as a percentage.

The change in productivity can be found through the planned savings in personnel using the following formula:

ΔPT=[E h /(H r -E h)]*100%,

  • where E h – planned personnel savings;
  • H r – the number of workers (employees involved in the production process).

Index average labor productivity necessary in case large number manufactured products with different labor intensity.

Formula for calculating average labor productivity:

Vsr=ΣQ i *K i,

  • where Avr – average labor productivity;
  • Q i is the volume of each type of product produced;
  • K i is the labor intensity coefficient of each type of product produced.

To determine this coefficient, a position with minimal labor intensity is selected. It is equal to one.

To find coefficients for other types of products, the labor intensity of each is divided by the minimum labor intensity.

For calculation labor productivity per employee the following formula is used:

PT = (Q*(1 – K p)) / T 1.

To calculate labor productivity indicators, enterprise balance sheet data is used, in particular, the volume of products produced. This indicator is reflected in the second section of the documentation in line 2130.

The formula for calculating labor productivity by balance is as follows:

PT = (line 2130*(1 – K p)) / (T 1 *H).

Analysis

The calculated indicators allow us to carry out comprehensive analysis labor productivity at the enterprise.

Output and labor intensity evaluate the actual work of personnel; based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to identify resources for development and productivity growth, as well as for saving working time and reducing the number of employees.

The performance index reflects the change in performance in the current period compared to the previous one. It is extremely important for assessing performance.

The level of productivity depends not only on the competence and ability of workers, but also on the level of material equipment, financial flows and other factors.

In general, labor productivity needs to be constantly improved. This can be achieved through the introduction of new equipment, employee training and competent organization production.

Video - how you can use new technologies to increase productivity:

Discussion (12)

    How to calculate the average number of employees in the planning year if labor productivity increased by 9%. The number of workers in the reporting year was 280 people and the cost of marketable products in the reporting year was 650 billion rubles?

    Two teams of workers process the same type of parts. The daily production of parts by individual workers is characterized by the following data

    Worker number (1st team) Daily output of worker 1st team, pcs. Worker number (2nd team) Daily output of worker 2nd team, pcs.

    Determine the average daily number of parts processed by one worker of each team and in total for two teams. Do you need a solution, can you help?

    Hope. Try to focus on determining labor productivity not as it was drummed into us in institutions, but according to K. Marx: “Labor productivity is the minimum cost of living labor with a maximum production of product” and understand why we in the Union had giant workshops and an exorbitant number of workers, and capitalists automated lines and a minimum of workers in the production of equal volumes of product.

    Labor productivity and its growth in any enterprise is the basis for the growth of the wage fund and, accordingly, the growth of wages for specific employees.

    Labor productivity indicators are very important for proper business management. With the help of them, not only the efficiency of using labor is analyzed, but also the level of mechanization and automation of labor. There will be no productivity with ancient tools and equipment.

    Large companies, where there is an economist, or even an entire economic department, usually bother with such calculations. For small businesses, in practice everything is simpler. For example: I know what minimum income I should have for a month so as not to go into negative territory. Anything higher is already my profit. My personal opinion, no matter how much or how you count, there will be no more money. Work better, sell more - and there will be something to count.

    As I understand it, a person is taken into account only as labor force and the cost of this labor. But various force majeure situations are not included in the formula. As usual, in the absence of people, overall productivity should not drop in any way, that is, the remaining workers must do all the work of the absent workers. In general, workers have many shortcomings; they need to pay bonuses, taxes, vacations and much more. Therefore, the installation of robots and machines is perfect option for production.

    Knowledge of theory is, of course, good... But in reality, I was faced with the fact that not a single business plan has yet ended as positively as planned... Well, at least for me. There is always an action of some indefinite force that confuses all the cards. In any case, one thing is clear - if there is a sales market, and a good market that will not let you down and will pay for goods (or services) on time, then you can build a business... If the sales market is not established, at least count it. My business is based on sales of parts and accessories. There are no problems with suppliers - they are always ready to supply goods - both immediately and to order, but customers the right quantity It is not always available, since these are not essential products. Plus competition.))) Plus periodic crises...))) How to calculate all this?

    In fact, it is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. When I was studying at the university economic specialty, we were literally forced to learn indicators of labor productivity, so that it would jump off our teeth. But we didn’t really strive for this. But now I have to admit that it’s in vain. After I was lucky enough to open my own workshop for sewing and repairing clothes, I just came across such important indicators labor productivity, such as output and labor intensity. There were a lot of orders, there were 2 workers. There were difficulties with the task of orders, so I had to plan the work, calculate these indicators in order to get the result I needed, i.e. so that my workers complete at least 2 orders a day, working 8 hours. We also had to motivate employees to improve the speed and quality of work. For example, for every 3 completed orders for sewing products, give bonuses, then the speed of work will increase. This is all I have been able to do for now, but I am sure that there are other ways that can help in this case and in this moment I'm looking for ways to solve this problem.

    In fact, there is a huge pile of all kinds of calculations and you can count them endlessly. But I always go from the opposite. From the result that I need. If I want to receive, say, 1,000 rubles of profit per day from a retail outlet, then the goods must be sold for 9,000 rubles; if on average per hour (from experience) the seller sells for 700 rubles, then I have to work 11,000/700 = 12.9 hours. Actually from 8 am to 9 pm. To reduce this time, you come up with different “promotions” and increase hourly revenue, as a result, for me, the seller’s productivity can amount to up to 100 rubles in revenue per hour. I’m working on her promotion.

Labor productivity for a year or month for an enterprise is calculated using the formula: PT=V/P, where

  • PT – average annual or average monthly output;
  • B – revenue;
  • P – average number of employees per year or month.

For example: in a year the entire enterprise earns 10,670,000 rubles. As already indicated, 60 people work. Thus: PT=10,670,000/60=177,833.3 rubles. It turns out that in one year of work, each employee brings in an average of 177,833.3 rubles in profit. Average daily calculation You can calculate the average daily or average hourly output using the following formula: PFC=W/T, where

  • T – total working time spent on production in hours or days;
  • B – revenue.

For example, the company produced 10,657 machines in 30 days. Thus, average daily output is equal to: PFC=10657/30=255. 2 machines per day.

Production formula

Attention

Example The following initial parameters are given: In total, one cook spends 25,220 s. to make a cottage cheese cake. Preparatory time takes 1260 s, preparation of the workplace and necessary materials costs 1008 s.


During breaks for rest and personal needs, 1260 s are spent. According to the timing specified in regulatory documents, it should take 32.39 s to make one unit of cottage cheesecake.

Info

Find the production rate. We substitute the data into our formula and get the result: Hb = (25220 - (1260+1008+1260)) / 32.39 = 671 pcs. Thus, one cook can produce 671 units of cottage cheese cake in one work shift.


The results obtained serve as an assessment of labor productivity and are the main data for calculating wages. Performance standards for cleaners are not production premises Let's look at another example.

Methods for calculating labor productivity

The amount of bonuses and incentives will be calculated correctly if it ensures a corresponding increase in revenue and profit of the enterprise.

  • The analysis also reveals specific factors that positively and negatively affect labor intensity. For example, interruptions in the supply of spare parts, raw materials and supplies, frequent breakdowns equipment, insufficient organization of labor in a workshop or enterprise.
    If necessary, the timing of working hours is added to this analysis and appropriate adjustments are made to the standardization of labor of individual departments and the work of middle and senior managers.

You can see detailed information about calculating this indicator at next video: To learn how to correctly calculate the profitability of an enterprise, read this article. If you are wondering how to register your trademark, view this material.

How to calculate labor productivity at an enterprise?

Relativity of labor productivity Labor productivity as economic indicator carries direct information about the degree of efficiency of workers’ labor invested in the products produced. When working, a person spends time and energy, time is measured in hours, and energy is measured in calories.

Important

In any case, such work can be both mental and physical. If the result of labor is a thing, product or service created by a person, then the labor invested in it takes on a different form - “frozen”, that is, materialized, it can no longer be measured by the usual indicators, because it reflects past labor investments and costs.


Assessing labor productivity means determining how effectively a worker (or group of workers) invested their labor in creating a unit of output in a specified time period.

Labor productivity indicators and calculation methods

In order to calculate the total production productivity, we need to use the conversion factor of metal products. It takes 1000 grams of iron to make 120 nails, 500 grams to make 30 bolts, and 1500 grams to make 40 screws. As a result, adding up all the manufactured products in their general initial form (iron) 1000 grams + 500 grams + 1500 grams = 3000 grams/metal products. Formula for calculating labor productivity Labor method is based on measuring the volume of manufactured goods, for the calculation of which you need to use conditional production labor intensity.

Labor productivity formula

Formulas and examples of calculations Generalized formula for labor productivity: P = O/H, where

  • P - average labor productivity of one employee;
  • O - completed amount of work;
  • H - number of employees.

This indicator, which characterizes how much work one person performs during a selected period (hour, shift, week, month), is also called output. Example 1. In January 2016, a fashion studio completed 120 orders for sewing outerwear (jackets).

The work was carried out by 4 seamstresses. The labor productivity of one seamstress was 120/4 = 30 jackets per month. The inverse indicator - labor intensity - determines how much labor (man-hours, man-days) is needed to produce a unit of product.

Example 2. In December 2015, the workshop furniture factory made 2500 chairs. According to the time sheet, the staff worked 8,000 man-hours.

How to correctly calculate labor productivity

Cleaning of industrial premises is carried out approximately according to the same plan, so data from a real existing enterprise, for example, the beer and soft drinks industry, is taken as a basis. Calculation of the production rate is carried out taking into account the following points:

  • basic operations: washing and sweeping floors, washing and wiping walls, windows, doors;
  • cleaning premises: technological workshops and auxiliary areas;
  • characteristics of cleaning objects: material of manufacture, labor intensity during work;
  • for optimal work time an 8-hour shift is taken.

Calculation formula for cleaning industrial premises Directly at the enterprise, they carry out their own time measurements when calculating production standards.

This is done in order to most accurately understand how many minutes or hours it takes to wipe windows, say, measuring 1 by 1 m or 2 by 3 m.

Developing a calculation formula example

Average output can be calculated by taking the ratio of output produced to the total number of workers. Output is calculated using the following formula: B = V / T where:

  • B – output;
  • V – volume of production (in money, standard hours or in kind);
  • T is the time taken to produce a given volume of products.
  • Labor intensity is the costs and associated efforts that accompany the production of goods. They can be of various types:
  • technological – labor costs for the production process itself;
  • servicing – expenses for equipment repairs and production services;
  • managerial – labor costs for managing the production process and its protection.

NOTE! The totality of technological and maintenance labor costs constitutes production labor intensity.

Production rate: formula. how to calculate the production rate?

In regulatory documents on food industry Special labor intensity coefficients have been developed, without which it is impossible to calculate the production rate. Labor intensity factor Food Industry The labor intensity coefficient shows how much time is needed to prepare one dish in relation to the dish taken as a unit of labor intensity. In other words, there is a single parameter taken as one, and all others are equal to it. For example, the simplest chicken soup in one serving takes 100 seconds to prepare. This is a unit. Milk soup will take 90 seconds, in which case the labor intensity coefficient will be 0.9. Timing helps set such boundaries.
In any case, such labor can be both mental and physical. If the result of labor is a thing, product or service created by man, then the labor invested in it takes on a different form - “frozen”, that is, materialized, it can no longer be measured by the usual indicators, because it reflects past labor investments and costs. Assessing labor productivity means determining how effectively a worker (or group of workers) invested their labor in creating a unit of output in a specified time period.


Formula for output to content Labor intensity The indicator is an accurate reflection of the level of labor expended per employee to create one product. Represents the inverse coefficient in relation to output.

Number of workers / Number of employees

2. Average annual output per worker= Volume of TP / Number of employees

3. Average annual output per worker= Volume of TP / Number of workers

4. Wed. number of days worked by one worker= Total number man-days worked / Number of workers

5. Wed. length of working day = Total number of man-hours worked / Total number of man-days worked

6. Average hourly output per worker= Volume of TP /Total number of man-hours worked

7. Labor intensity = Total number of man-hours worked / Volume of technical work

The table shows that the average number of employees has not changed compared to the plan. As for the average number of workers, it increased by 12.53%, which in absolute units amounted to 460 people. Wherein specific gravity workers in total number workers increased compared to the plan by 12.53%.

As for the average annual output per 1 worker, it increased by 4.66%, and per 1 worker it decreased by 1.31%, respectively.

The total number of man-days and man-hours worked increased compared to the plan by 13.51% and 14.92%, respectively. At the same time, the average number of days worked by one worker increased by 2 days or by 0.87%. The average working day increased relative to the plan by 0.1 hours (1.24%). Average hourly output per worker is underfulfilled by 8.92%. Labor intensity in fact increased by 9.8% compared to the plan.

We will use the method of absolute differences and the following factor model to conduct factor analysis average annual output per worker:

GVppp = UD x D x P x ChV, where GVppp is the average annual output per worker;

UD - the share of workers in the total number of employees, %;

D - average number of days worked by one worker, days;

P - average working day, hours;

PV - average hourly output per worker, rub.

ΔGWood = Δ UD´Dpl´Ppl´ChVpl = 0.09´240 ´ 7.85 ´9967.04= 1690011.30 thousand rubles.

ΔGVd =UDf´ Δ D´Ppl´ChVpl = 0.70´ 2 ´ 7.85 ´ 99967.04 = 109537.77 thousand rubles.

ΔGVp =UDf´Df´ Δ P´ChVpl = 0.70 ´ 240 ´ 0.1 ´ 99267.04 =167446.27 thousand rubles.

ΔGVchv =UDf´Df´Pf´ΔChV= 0.70 ´ 240 ´ 7.85 ´ (-889.56) = -1173151.73 thousand rubles.

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Total: = 793843.62 thousand rubles.

Consequently, the average annual output per worker was 793,843.62 thousand rubles, with a small error in the calculations. Average annual output per worker increased by 1690011.30 thousand rubles. due to an increase in the share of workers in the total number of industrial production personnel by 12.53%. There was an increase in the average number of days worked by one worker, due to which output increased by 117,527.39 thousand rubles. due to a reduction in daily lost working time. The average working day increased by 0.1 hours, and production due to this increased by 167,446.27 thousand rubles. Average hourly output per worker decreased by 1,173,151.73 thousand rubles. All this caused an increase in average annual output per worker.

The average annual output per worker is affected by the number of days worked by one worker per year, the average working day and the average hourly output.

GVr = D x P x ChV, where GVpp is the average annual output per worker;

ΔGVd = ΔD´Ppl´ChVpl = 2 ´ 7.85 ´ 9967.04 = 156482.53 thousand rubles.

ΔGVp = Df´ Δ P´ChVpl = 240 ´ 0.1 ´ 9967.04 = 239208.96 thousand rubles.

ΔGVchv = Df´Pf´ΔChV = 240 ´ 7.85 ´ (-889.56) = -1675931.04 thousand rubles.

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Total: = -1280239.55 thousand rubles.

According to factor analysis, it is clear that the average annual output per 1 worker was affected by an increase in the average working day by 239,208.96 thousand rubles. Moreover, there was a decrease in daily and an increase in intra-shift working time losses by 156,482.53 and 1,675,931.04 thousand rubles. respectively. Which led to the fact that the average annual output per 1 worker decreased by 1280239.55 thousand rubles.

6. ANALYSIS OF LABOR COSTS

Let's calculate the absolute and relative deviation in the wage fund. We summarize the calculations in analytical table 6.1.

Table 6.1

Indicators

Previous year

Reporting year

Deviation

From previous of the year

1.VTP, million rubles.

2. Average annual number of employees

3.GW per 1 worker, million rubles.

4.Fixed wages of employees, million rubles.

5.Average year

wages of workers, million rubles.

6.FW of workers, million rubles.