Presentation or message about mushrooms. Presentation "Mushrooms" presentation for the lesson (preparatory group) on the topic
Learning to recognize mushrooms
Educator at the Ainalayyn minicenter
Harvest SSH
Gabita Musrepova district, North Kazakhstan region
Yantsen Valentina Vladimirovna
Edible mushrooms
Strong, dense, very stately,
In a brown and smart hat.
This is the pride of all forests!
The real king of mushrooms!
White mushroom
Edible mushrooms
Under the fallen leaves
The mushrooms hid together.
Very cunning sisters
These are yellow... chanterelles
Edible mushrooms
The mouse sat on......,
And…….. - sticky mushroom,
So the mouse stuck.
Ay-ay-ay, ay-ay-ay!
Mom, mom, help me out!
oil can
Edible mushrooms
There are no more friendly mushrooms than these, adults and children know, -
grow on stumps
like freckles on your nose
honey mushrooms
Edible mushrooms
I don’t argue - not white,
I, brothers, am simpler,
I usually grow up in a birch grove.
boletus
Edible mushrooms
I'm growing up in a red cap
among the aspen roots,
You'll recognize me a mile away
My name is...
boletus
Edible mushrooms
I love white milk mushrooms
I love black milk mushrooms
But the color doesn't matter to me -
I love them salty!
Edible mushrooms
Champignon
Edible mushrooms
Russula
Fancy mushrooms
Gray dung beetle
White dung beetle
Fancy mushrooms
Mushroom umbrella
Stropharia blue-green
Porkhovka
Raincoat
Poisonous mushrooms
She stands pale
She looks edible.
If you bring it home, it’s a disaster,
That food will be poison.
Know that this mushroom is a deception, our enemy is...
death cap
Poisonous mushrooms
Here's someone important
On a white leg.
He has a red hat
There are polka dots on the hat.
fly agaric
Poisonous mushrooms
Panther fly agaric
Amanita stinking
white grebe
Poisonous mushrooms
Brick red honey fungus
Waxy talker
Sulphur-yellow false honey fungus
Red champignon
Counting table
Once - honey fungus,
Two - oil can,
Three is a handsome boletus.
Here is a wave on the edge,
Champignon and raincoat.
Here is a small fox,
boletus fungus,
Here's a morel and a line,
And another boletus.
The flywheel stands on a leg,
Golden breast and saffron milk cap.
I'm not used to returning home with an empty basket!
The purpose of the lesson is: to study the structure and diversity of mushrooms; talk about their significance in nature and for humans.
The presentation presents the general characteristics of mushrooms. Mushrooms are a separate kingdom of organisms, numbering over 80,000 species, different in lifestyle, structure and appearance. Fungi are separated into a separate kingdom - the kingdom of eukaryotes. These are organisms whose cells have a nucleus.
Mushrooms are neither animals nor plants. They have a unicellular and multicellular structure. Fungi participate in the cycle of substances in nature.
Fungi share similarities and differences with plants and animals. Common characteristics with plants: immobility, unlimited growth, absorption rather than ingestion of food. They also have common characteristics with animals. For example, the content of chitin in the cell membrane, there is a reserve product glycogen and a metabolic product - urea. Mushrooms have their own characteristics in their structure: a stalk and a cap (fruiting body) and a mycelium.
Mushrooms are very diverse and can be found everywhere. There are microscopic mushrooms, and there are huge mushrooms; there are also yeast mushrooms, penicillium mushrooms and a fungus that settles on a living organism.
Cap mushrooms are divided into tubular and lamellar. Tubular mushrooms have small tubes on the back of the cap. Such mushrooms include porcini mushroom, boletus, boletus, etc. Lamellar mushrooms include mushrooms that have plates on their caps, such as champignons, milk mushrooms, russula, etc.
Some fungi form a close relationship with plant roots - symbiosis.
Cap mushrooms absorb water and organic matter from the ground.
The most known to each of us are macromycetes, which are mushrooms with caps. These can be species different in their systematic position and morphological characteristics, united by the presence of fruiting bodies of sufficiently large size that can be observed with the naked eye.
Most macromycetes settle on all kinds of plant debris - fallen needles and leaves, on twigs and cones, on the stems of annual grasses and other elements of forest litter; in the litter these are litter saprophytes.
Saprotrophs include molds: penicillium, mucor, which settle on soil, bread, rotting fruit and yeast.
Fungi are widespread in nature - symbiotrophs, which obtain the organic substances necessary for life through symbiosis with higher plants. Probably most terrestrial plants are capable of entering into such a relationship with soil fungi.
Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction occurs through the fusion of specialized cells. And asexual reproduction is reproduction by spores, parts of mycelium and budding.
Mushrooms are divided into edible and inedible. Edible mushrooms - porcini mushroom, boletus, russula, boletus, boletus, line, chanterelle, honey mushrooms, champignons... Inedible mushrooms - fly agaric, tinder fungus, cobweb, puffball, toadstools...
Mushrooms produce enzymes necessary for humans. Without kefir grains you cannot make kefir, without yeast you cannot make bread and wine. Fungi also play a negative role: mold on food, fungal diseases of humans and agricultural crops.
There are various mushroom signs: 1) the fluff has flown from the aspen - go for the boletus; 2) the pine blossomed - a grainy oil can appeared; 3) the oats have reached waxy ripeness and the first leaves of the birches have turned yellow - get ready to take honey mushrooms; 4) alder and birch have bloomed - morels and lines appear; 5) the bird cherry is pouring snow - the first boletuses appear; 6) they reap rye - the second harvest of boletus begins.
There are proverbs and sayings about mushrooms:
Berries love day, and mushrooms love night and shade.
Spring is red with flowers, and autumn is red with mushrooms
Where there are oaks, there are mushrooms
Quiet rain without wind - to the mushrooms
Rain in the evening - expect mushrooms in the morning
They love to lead mushrooms by the nose
When it's damp, there are a lot of mushrooms
Mushrooms don’t grow before chanterelles
1 slide
2 slide
Kingdom of Fungi Mushrooms are a separate kingdom of organisms, numbering over 80 thousand species, different in lifestyle, structure and appearance. It is believed that there are only one and a half million species of mushrooms on Earth. They are classified as a separate kingdom of eukaryotes.
3 slide
Nutrition of fungi Unlike plants, fungi do not have chlorophyll and feed heterotrophically. On the other hand, fungi have a rigid cell wall, and most of them, like plants, are not able to move.
5 slide
Macromycetes The most known to each of us are macromycetes, which are mushrooms with caps. These can be species different in their systematic position and morphological characteristics, united by the presence of fruiting bodies of sufficiently large sizes that can be observed with the naked eye.
7 slide
Saprotrophs Most macromycetes settle on all kinds of plant debris - fallen needles and leaves, on twigs and cones, stems of annual grasses and other elements of forest litter, in the litter - these are litter saprophytes. Saprotrophs also include molds (penicillium, mucor) that settle on soil, bread, rotting fruit, and yeast.
Slide 9
Symbiotrophs Symbiotrophic mushrooms are widespread in nature, obtaining the organic substances necessary for life through symbiosis with higher plants (mycorrhiza or fungal roots). Probably most land plants are capable of entering into this kind of relationship with soil fungi.
10 slide
The significance of mushrooms The significance of mushrooms is not limited to their use as food. Saprotrophic fungi play an important role in the cycle of substances in nature. By destroying plant residues in order to obtain the nutrients necessary for life, saprotrophs return some of these substances to the soil, making them available for absorption by other plants.
11 slide
Harmful mushrooms Many mushrooms are harmful. Thus, molds cause rotting and spoilage of food, grain, fruit, and fabrics. Many saprophytic fungi are active wood destroyers. Settling on the wooden parts of houses and other buildings, on sleepers and poles, on stacks of timber in warehouses, fungi render the wood completely unusable. Various types of smut fungi infect oats, barley, millet, corn, wheat and other grains. In addition to grains and trees, parasitic mushrooms live on potatoes, gooseberries, and apples. Thus, the parasitic fungus ergot also lives on grain crops, turning healthy grains into poisonous black horns. All fungal diseases spread quickly, since the spores are easily carried by the wind.
Presentation “Mushrooms” For children of senior preschool age
Tasks:Introduce children to mushrooms.
Teach children to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms.
To educate children to respect nature. Introduce the rules of conduct in nature when picking mushrooms.
Teach children to solve riddles.
Slide 1
Boletus, also known as aspen or redhead. The mushroom received its name due to the close connection of its mycelium with aspen, because it is in aspen forests that mushrooms are most often found. And also because of the obvious similarity of the color of the caps with the autumn color of aspen foliage.
Slide 2
The mushrooms “Holy mushrooms” received their name because of their peculiarity of growth - stumps (stumps), both living and dead. But there are also several types of honey mushrooms that grow in meadows. They grow in large families (tubers), although occasionally single honey mushrooms are also found.
Slide 3
The boletus mushroom is one of the most common species of the Boletaceae family. Among the most common types of boletus are the white oak mushroom (sometimes called the reticulated boletus), the bronze boletus and the maiden boletus. All these mushrooms have long been used as food, and in our times they are a delicacy, since their distribution halo has significantly decreased.
Rules for collecting mushrooms: You can only collect those mushrooms that you know for sure, and always with adults. To avoid damaging the mycelium, the mushrooms must be cut carefully with a knife. It is better to avoid poisonous mushrooms and not pick them: they are dangerous for people, but they can be useful for animals. Do not put wormy, old, overripe mushrooms in the basket. Such mushrooms produce toxic substances; these mushrooms can cause poisoning! Never pick mushrooms in parks, city squares, front gardens, or boulevards. You also cannot collect mushrooms grown near highways.
For a real mushroom picker, going for mushrooms is a joyful encounter with the forest, an introduction to its beauty, its secrets. He will not only carefully cut each mushroom, but also admire it, and then just put it in the basket. He will not touch unfamiliar and inedible mushrooms. It will not turn over dry leaves and moss and will not scatter them. A real mushroom picker enjoys the forest as a friend and will not spare mushrooms for him. Let's not forget about these rules when going for mushrooms!
Presentation on the topic: Mushrooms
Slide 1
Slide 2
kingdom of mushrooms
Mushrooms are a separate kingdom of organisms, numbering over 80 thousand species, different in lifestyle, structure and appearance. It is believed that there are only one and a half million species of mushrooms on Earth. They are classified as a separate kingdom of eukaryotes.
Slide 3
Mushroom nutrition
Unlike plants, fungi do not have chlorophyll and feed heterotrophically. On the other hand, fungi have a rigid cell wall, and most of them, like plants, are not able to move.
Slide 4
Variety of mushrooms
Slide 5
Macromycetes
The most known to each of us are macromycetes, which are mushrooms with caps. These can be species different in their systematic position and morphological characteristics, united by the presence of fruiting bodies of sufficiently large sizes that can be observed with the naked eye.
Slide 6
Groups of mushrooms
Slide 7
Saprotrophs
Most macromycetes settle on all kinds of plant debris - fallen needles and leaves, on twigs and cones, stems of annual grasses and other elements of forest litter, in the litter - these are litter saprophytes. Saprotrophs also include molds (penicillium, mucor) that settle on soil, bread, rotting fruit, and yeast.
Slide 8
Xylophagous
Slide 9
Symbiotrophs
Widespread in nature are symbiotrophic mushrooms that obtain the organic substances necessary for life through symbiosis with higher plants (mycorrhiza or fungal roots). Probably most terrestrial plants are capable of entering into this kind of relationship with soil fungi.
Slide 10
The meaning of mushrooms
The importance of mushrooms is not limited to their use as food. Saprotrophic fungi play an important role in the cycle of substances in nature. By destroying plant residues in order to obtain the nutrients necessary for life, saprotrophs return some of these substances to the soil, making them available for absorption by other plants.
Slide 11
Harmful mushrooms
Many mushrooms are harmful. Thus, molds cause rotting and spoilage of food, grain, fruit, and fabrics. Many saprophytic fungi are active wood destroyers. Settling on the wooden parts of houses and other buildings, on sleepers and poles, on stacks of timber in warehouses, fungi render the wood completely unusable. Various types of smut fungi infect oats, barley, millet, corn, wheat and other grains. In addition to grains and trees, parasitic mushrooms live on potatoes, gooseberries, and apples. Thus, the parasitic fungus ergot also lives on grain crops, turning healthy grains into poisonous black horns. All fungal diseases spread quickly, since the spores are easily carried by the wind.
Slide 12
Thank you for your attention!